Glucose metabolism and

In addition to autonomic effects, areca produces mental stimulation, increases cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism, and creates electrophysiological activation as seen on the EEG. 

Bacharach SL, Bax JJ, Case J, Delete D, Cordial KA, Martin WH et al. PET myocardial glucose metabolism and perfusion imaging Part 1-Guidelines for data acquisition and patient preparation. J Nucl Cardiol 2003 10 543-556... 

Virkkunen, M., Rawlings, R., Tokola, R., Poland, R.E., Guidotti, A., Nemeroff, C., Bissette, G. Kalogeras, K., Karonen, S.L., and Linnoila, M. (1994) CSF biochemistries, glucose metabolism and diurnal activity rhythms in alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and health volunteers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 20-27. 

Ethanol-related cognitive deficits in the absence of Wernicke s encephalopathy also improve with extended abstinence. Most functional neuroimaging studies of abstinent alcoholics have shown decreases in both cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow, with the decreases being greatest in the frontal lobes (Netrakom et ah, 1999). 

Schmidt. M.E., Oshinsky, R.J., Kim, H.G., et al. Cerebral glucose metabolic and plasma catecholamine responses to the alpha (2) adrenoceptor antagonist ethoxyidazoxan given to healthy volunteers. Psvchopharmacologv 146(2), 119-127, 1999. ... 

Raben, A., Andersen, K.,Karberg,M. A., Holst, J. J., Astrup, A. (1997). Acetylation of or (J-cyclodextrin addition to potato starch beneficial effect on glucose metabolism and appetite sensations. Am. J. Clinic. Nutr., 66, 304-314. 

Like folate and vitamin C, vitamin B6 (pyroxidine) is water soluble and like folate has several vitamers. Vitamin B6 may be involved in more bodily functions than any other nutrient (Tambasco-Studart et al., 2005), is a cofactor for many enzymes, especially those involved in protein metabolism, and is also a cofactor for folate metabolism. Vitamin B6 has anticancer activity (Theodoratou et al., 2008), is a strong antioxidant (Denslow et al., 2005), is involved in hemoglobin biosynthesis, lipid and glucose metabolism and immune and nervous system function. Possible consequences of deficiency include anemia, impaired immune function, depression, confusion, and dermatitis (Spinneker et al., 2007). Vitamin B6 deficiency is generally not a problem in the developed world, but there could be as yet poorly defined consequences of suboptimal intake particularly for the elderly. 

It also inhibits ADH action on distal tubules (diabetes insipidus like state), also has insulin like action on glucose metabolism and decreases thyroxine synthesis by interfering with iodination of thyroxine. 

Nitrofurans are metabolized in vivo to reduced forms responsible for the effects exerted upon bacteria. These metabolites inhibit bacterial respiration, glucose metabolism, and ribosomal function, and may damage bacterial DNA. 

T FIGURE 10-19 Steroids derived from cholesterol. Testosterone, the male sex hormone, is produced in the testes. Estradiol, one of the female sex hormones, is produced in the ovaries and placenta. Cortisol and aldosterone are hormones synthesized in the cortex of the adrenal gland they regulate glucose metabolism and salt excretion, respectively. Prednisolone and prednisone are synthetic steroids used as antiinflammatory agents. 

Interrelationship between glucose metabolism and palmitate synthesis. 

As a pantothenic acid analogue, hopantenate can affect lactate generation, glucose metabolism, and ammonia disposal, and there have been two fatal cases in elderly people who developed disturbances of consciousness with lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia (903). 

Trost BN. Glucose metabolism and calcium antagonists. Horm Metab Res Suppl 1990 22 48-56. 

Lund J, Stjernstrom H, Jorfeldt L, Wiklund L. Effect of extradural analgesia on glucose metabolism and gluconeo-genesis. Studies in association with upper abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 1986 58(8) 851-7. 

Tze WJ, Tai J, Murase N, Tzakis A, Starzl TE. Effect of FK 506 on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in normal rats. Transplant Proc 1991 23(6) 3158-60. 

Smigaj D, Roman-Drago NM, Amini SB, Caritis SN, Kalhan SC, Catalano PM. The effect of oral terbutaline on maternal glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998 178(5) 1041-7. 

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