Glucose electrocatalytic oxidation

An alternative biosensor system has been developed by Hart et al. [44] which involves the use of the NAD+-dependent GDH enzyme. The first step of the reaction scheme involves the enzymatic reduction of NAD+ to NADH, which is bought about by the action of GDH on glucose. The analytical signal arises from the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH back to NAD+ in the presence of the electrocatalyst Meldola s Blue (MB), at a potential of only 0Y. Biosensors utilising this mediator have been reviewed elsewhere [1,17]. Razumiene et al. [45] employed a similar system using both GDH and alcohol dehydrogenase with the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the oxidation of which was mediated by a ferrocene derivative. 

K. B. Kokoh, J. M. Leger, B. Beden, H. Huser, and C. Lamy, On line chromatographic analysis of the products resulting from the electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose on pure and adatoms modified platinum and gold electrodes. Part n. Alkaline medium, Electrochim. Acta, 37 (1992) 1909-1918. 

Dharuman, V., and Chandrasekara Pillai, K. 2(K)6. RuO, electrode surface effects in electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 10, 967-979. 

Tominaga, M., Shimazoe, T., Nagaashima, M., Kusuda, H., Kubo, A., Kuwahara, Y., and Taniguchi, I. 2006. Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at gold-silver alloy, silver and gold nanoparticles in an alkaline solution. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 590, 37-46. 

Ikeda T, Hamada H and Senda M 1986 Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at... 

In general, a complex structure is designed toward a particular end, perhaps to facilitate an electrode process (such as the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol), or to inhibit a reaction (such as metallic corrosion), or to produce selectivity toward a particular process (such as the enzyme-catalyzed oxidative determination of glucose in whole blood). The end is... 

Ikeda, T., Hamada, H., Senda, M., Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose at a Glucose Oxidase-Immobilized Benzoquinone-Mixed Carbon Paste Electrode , Agric. Biol. Chem. 50 (1986) 883-890. 

An electrochemical method involving electrocatalytic oxidation with TEMPO was suitable for the determination of glucose in aqueous solution. The cyanine dye 2, which carries two phenylboronic acid moieties displays increased fluorescence on binding to monosaccharides and provides a novel detection method. Compound 3 also contains a phenylboronic acid residue and binds D-glucose 6-... 

Electrolytic oxidation of sucrose, maltose and glucose on a lead-(II) oxide-coated titanium mesh electrode has been studlgd in connection with electrochemical treatment of effluents. Hydroxide radicals are the effective oxidant in the stepwise photoanodlc oxidation of D-glucose to carbon dioxide on a polycrystalline zinc oxide electrode in alkaline solution. The electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose at a glucose oxidase-immobilized benzoquinone-mixed carbon paste electrode has been studied and the Imj ortance of various concentration parameters on the oxidation examined. A comparative study of the electrocatalytic Influence of underpotential heavy... 

Alternatively, electrochemical detection by using an amperometric biosensor has been proposed using modified electrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of the reduced cofactors (NADH, NADPH). The oxidation current reflects the rate of glucose conversion. Additionally, covalent coupling of the coenzyme is a precondition of more advanced reagentless measuring devices. Further developments use an electron mediator such as ferrocyanide and PQQ/ PQQHi (pyrroloquinoline quinone) as the cofactor pair. 

The direct electrooxidation of aqueous E>-g]uconic acid to l>arabinose on graphite has been performed in a very simple apparatus which may be suitable for practical application. The electrocatalytic oxidation of sucrose on smooth, lead-modified platinum electrodes has been examined with a view to finding experimental conditions for the selective electrosynthesis of value-added compounds. A paper in Bulgarian on the electrooxidation of diacetone-L-sorbose at low current densities in a nickel oxide electrolizer has been publi ed. The influence of the rize of palladium particles and their location on the support on their activity in the oxidation of glucose has been examined. An investigation of the effect of tonperature and pH on the platinum-catalysed oxidation of sucrose showed that changes in temperature affect mainly the reaction rate, where changes in pH alter the selectivity. ... 

Elouarzaki K, Le Goff A, Holzinger M, Thery J, Cosnier S. Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose by rhodium porphyrin-functionalized MWCNT electrodes application to a fully molecular catalyst-based glucose/02 fuel cell. J Am Chem Soc 2012 134 14078-85. 

Metallized carbon electrode permits a membrane-free approach toward selectively screening glucose concentration, by simply incorporating nano-metallic catalysts into the electrode development [3, 17]. These dispersed metal particles exhibit favorable electrocatalytic oxidation of H2O2 at relatively low potentials, at which undesirable co-oxidation of the interferents is... 

The electrocatalytic oxidation of insulin at mvRuOx-coated electrodes was employed in a study by Kennedy et al. [11] to elucidate the mechanism of release of this protein from pancreatic cells. The films were coated on electrodes with dimensions in the 10 pm diameter range. Amperometric measurement of insulin released from single cells by glucose stimulation was successful. The study was limited by the instability of the mvRuOx film at pHs above about 5. Apparently, the oxidized form of mvRuOx slowly dissolves in aqueous solution except at low pH values [11,12]. 

The electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose and related polyols on large platinum and gold electrodes was discussed in a symposium report, and the oxidation of glucose and polyols on nickel electrodes and on platinum, rhodium, and iridium electrodes under alkaline... 

Silber A, Hampp N, Schuhmann W. Poly(methylene blue)-modified thick-film gold electrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH and their application in glucose biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 1996 11 215-223. 

FIGURE 5.3 Scheme of (a) the GDH-based composite electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose and (h) the setup of a glucose/02 biological fuel cell composed of the GDH/NB/f-SWCNTs/GC bioanode and the laccase/MG-SWCNTs/GC biocathode. (Reproduced with permission from Ref [54], Copyright 2011, Elsevier.)... 

Arzoumanidis GG, O Connell JJ. Electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose in neutral media with electrodes catalyzed by 4,4, 4, 4 -tetrasulfophthalocyanine. JPhys Chem 1969 73 3508-3510. 

The kinetics of the electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose at film-coated GOD CPEs with mixed-in mediator were investigated and explained by the theory of a biocatalyst electrode with an entrapped mediator. A number... 

ON THE ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF D-GLUCOSE AND RELATED POLYOLS ON LARGE Pt AND Au ELECTRODES... 

The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline media on various noble metals modified by upd ad-layers decrease in the following order ... 

The main conclusions resulting from this comparative study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose and related polyols on large Pt and Au electrodes can be summed up as follows ... 

On the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of D-Glucose and Related Polyols on Large Pt and Au Electrodes... 

Jafarian M, Forouzandeh F, Danaee I, Gobal F, Mahjani MG (2009) Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on Ni and NiCu alloy modified glassy carbon electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 13(8) 1171-1179. doi 10.1007/s 10008-008-0632-1... 

Figure 17.10 Electrocatalytic current (per geometric area) versus potential for glucose oxidation by glucose oxidase in an Os-containing redox polymer supported on carbon nanotubes grown for various periods (times indicated) on carbon paper. Reproduced by permission of ECS—The Electrochemical Society, from Barton et al., 2007.

Hu, Y., etal., Graphene-gold nanostructure composites fabricated by electrodeposition and their electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction and glucose oxidation. Electrochimica Acta, 2010. 56(1) p. 491-500. 

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