Glossina

Other food lures which have had practical use ia trapping insect pests include isoamyl saUcylate [87-20-7] for moths of the tomato and tobacco homworms, Manduca spp. heptyl butyrate [5870-93-0] for stinging yeUowjackets, Vespula spp. and l-octene-3-ol [3391-86-4] for the bloodsucking tsetse dies, Glossina spp. 

Belete, H., Tikubet, G., Petros, B., Oyibu, W. A., and Otigbuo, I. N. (2004). Control of human African trypanosomiasis trap and odour preference of tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans submorsitans) in the upper Didessa River Valley of Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 9,710-714. 

Bursell, E., Gough, A. J. E., Beevor, P. S., etal. (1988). Identification of components of cattle urine attractive to tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 78,281-291. 

Madubunyi, L. C., Hassanali, A., Ouma, W., Nyarango, D., and Kabii, J. (1996). Chemo-ecological role of mammalian urine in host location by tsetse, Glossina spp. (Diptera Glossinidae). Journal of ChemicalEcology 22,1187-1199. 

Vale, G. A. and Hall, D. R. (1985). The role of l-octen-3-ol, acetone and carbon dioxide in the attraction of tsetse flies Glossina spp. (Diptera Glossinidae) to ox odour. Bulletin... 

Histamine (136) is detected in mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex (Culicidae) beside uric acid (95) in the former (Tables VI and VIII). Catecholamines such as adrenaline (132), noradrenaline (133), and dopamine (134) are found in the larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica (Muscidae) (Table VIII). Some pteridines are found in species of the genera Cnephia (Simuliidae) and Piophila (Piophilidae) and in other Diptera. Species of the genus Glossina (Glossinidae) contain uric acid (95) (Table VI). 

Glossina auteni contact sex pheromone 15,19-dimethyltritriacontane Huyton and Langley (1982)... 

Carlson D. A., Nelson D. R., Langley P. A., Coates T. W. and Leegwater-Vander Linden M. E. (1984) Contact sex pheromone in the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (Austen) identification and synthesis. J. Chem. Ecol. 10, 429 150. 

Carlson D. A. and Schlein Y. (1991) Unusual polymethyl alkenes in tsetse flies acting as abstinon in Glossina morsitans. J. Chem. Ecol. 17, 267-284. 

Huyton P. M. and Langley P. A. (1982) Copulatory behavior of the tsetse flies Glossina morsitans and G. austeni. Physiol. Entomol. 7, 167-174. 

Langley P. A. and Carlson D. A. (1983) Biosynthesis of contact sex pheromone in the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. J. Insect Physiol. 29, 825-831. 

Den Otter C. J. and Van der Goes van Naters W. M (1993) Responses of individual olfactory cells of tsetse flies (Glossina M. morsitans) to phenols from cattle urine. Physiol. Entomol. 18, 43—49. 

An appropriate number of individuals at the same developmental stage (e.g., third instar larvae or 3-d old Drosophila, newly emerged [teneral] Glossina). 

Nelson, D. R. and Carlson, D. A. (1986). Cuticular hydrocarbons of the tsetse flies Glossina morsitans, G. austeni and G. pallidipes. Insect Biochem., 16,403M I6. 

Tabanidae and Glossinidae. The Tabanus and Glossina species can be differentiated based on hydrocarbon composition (Hoppe et al., 1990 Sutton and Carlson, 1997a, b). Interestingly, di- and tri-methylalkanes are good species markers in females (Sutton and Carlson, 1997b) and have also been shown to act as sex pheromones (Carlson et al., 1978). In males, alkanes and di-or tri-methylalkanes differ between species (Carlson and Schlein,... 

Sutton, B.D. and Carlson, D. A. (1997b). Cuticular hydrocarbons of Glossina. 

Hoshino, C. and Mori, K. (1980). Pheromone synthesis. Part XL. Synthesis of a diastereomeric mixture of 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane, the most active component of the sex pheromone of the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Agric. Biol. Chem., 44, 3007-3009. 

Matsuyama, K. and Mori, K. (1994). Pheromone synthesis. Part 159. Synthesis of a stereoisomeric mixture of 13,25-, 11,21- and 11,23-dimethylheptatriacontane, the contact sex pheromone of the tsetse fly, Glossina tachinoides. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 539-543. 

Naoshima, Y., Mukaidani, H., Shibayama, S. and Murata, T. (1986). Selective alkylation of diethyl 3-oxoglutarate. Part XII. Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of 15,19, 23-trimethylheptatriacontane, contact sex pheromone of tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood../. Chem. Ecol., 12,127-133. 

In the tse-tse fly (Glossina tachinoides) courtship is very brief and difficult to characterize. First, the male uses visual cues to recognize a potential conspecific partner. Then, several pheromonal components carried by flies of both sexes seem to reciprocally facilitate sexual receptivity whereas other molecules are required for successful mating. When placed on solvent-washed dummies, biological doses of synthetic 11,23-, and (to a lesser extent) of 13,25-dimethylheptatriacontane elicit most of the behaviors normally induced by a female (Carlson et al., 1978 El Messoussi et al., 1994 Carlson et al., 1998). In G. austeni, the... 

Sex pheromone of the tsetse species, Glossina austeni isolation and identification of natural hydrocarbons, and bioassay of synthesized compounds. 

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