Glass/melamine

Fluorocarbons, phenolic (glass), polyphthalamide, polyimide thermoplastic polyester (glass), melamine, epoxy, nylon (glass or carbon fiber), polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide... 

Glass/melamine/formaldehyde B-stage resins have been studied using NIR. Samples were seanned directly with multiple point averaging. The results are summarized in the following table ... 

Grade G-9, glass fabric with moisture-resistant melamine resin binder, is similar to Grade G-5 but with better electric strength properties under wet conditions. Electrical appHcations should be limited to operating temperatures of 50°C (122°F) or less. 

Titanium alkoxides are used for the hardening and cross-linking of epoxy, siUcon, urea, melamine, and terephthalate resins in the manufacture of noncorrodable, high temperature lacquers in the sol-gel process as water repellents and adhesive agents (especially with foils) to improve glass surfaces as catalyst in olefin polymeri2ation, and for condensation and esterification. 

In the eady 1920s, experimentation with urea—formaldehyde resins [9011-05-6] in Germany (4) and Austria (5,6) led to the discovery that these resins might be cast into beautiful clear transparent sheets, and it was proposed that this new synthetic material might serve as an organic glass (5,6). In fact, an experimental product called PoUopas was introduced, but lack of sufficient water resistance prevented commercialization. Melamine—formaldehyde resin [9003-08-1] does have better water resistance but the market for synthetic glass was taken over by new thermoplastic materials such as polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (see Methacrylic polya rs Styrene plastics). 

In 1989 quantity costs, which reflect the lowest cost, of urea molding compounds, were approximately 1.41 /kg ( 0.035/in. for black and brown colors, 1.58/kg ( 0.039/in.for white and ivory special colors are somewhat higher in price. The approximate cost of cellulose-filled melamine molding compound is 1.74/kg ( 0.043/in. ). Glass fiber-filled melamine sells for 7.70/kg ( 0.22/in. ). 

Glass-reinforced melamine-formaldehyde laminates are valuable because of their good heat resistance (they can be used at temperatures up to 200°C) coupled with good electrical insulation properties including resistance to tracking. 

Compression and injection molding are used with amino resins to produce articles such as radio cabinets, buttons, and cover plates. Because melamine resins have lower water absorption and better chemical and heat resistance than urea resins, they are used to produce dinnerware and laminates used to cover furniture. Almost ah molded objects use fillers such as cellulose, asbestos, glass, wood flour, glass fiber and paper. The 1997 U.S. production of amino resins was 2.6 billion pounds. 

Important thermosetting plastics include the phenolics, melamine-formaldehyde, epoxides and polyester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics. (See also Sections 14.5 and 14.9.)... 

Algid vinyl, acrylic, or polyester A glass Ifcer sink Melamine laminate counter top Wood-filed phenolic sash l. or i... 

Cold Flow Polysulfone Melamine-glass fiberglass... 

Amino (melamine and urea) Melamine formaldehyde (MF) have excellent electrical properties, heat and moisture resistance, abrasion resistance (good for dinnerware and buttons) in high-pressure laminates it is resistant to alkalies and detergents. They are used as the plastic for counter tops. Urea (urea formaldehyde) has properties similar to melamine and is used for wall switch plates, light-colored appliance hardware, buttons, toilet seats, and cosmetics containers. Unlike MFs they are translucent, giving them a brightness and depth of color somewhat similar to opal glass. 

Between 250 and 450°F (121 and 232°C), plastics used include glass or mineral-filled phenolics, melamines, alkyds, silicones, nylons, polyphenylene oxides, polysulfones, polycarbonates, methylpentenes, fluorocarbons, polypropylenes, and diallyl phthalates. The addition of glass fillers to the thermoplastics can raise the useful temperature range as much as 100°F and at the same time shortens the molding cycle. 

Glass fibre reinforced polyester melamine-formaldehyde laminate with copper foil attached is used for printing circuits. 

The experimental arrangement consists of a 250 ml three-necked flask equipped with stirrer, double-necked head with reflux condenser and thermometer, and a rubber stopper through which passes a glass rod. 63 g (0.5 mol) of melamine and 150 g of a 40% aqueous formaldehyde solution (2.0 mol) are placed in the flask the aqueous suspension is stirred and adjusted to pH 8.5 by adding a few drops of 20% NaOH.The mixture is heated on a water bath to 80 °C within 5-10 min, with continuous stirring. Complete solution is reached at 70 to 80 °C. During this warm-up period the decrease of pH of the solution must be continually compensated by dropwise addition of 20% NaOH. The stirred solution is now heated to 80 °C at constant pH of 8.5 until the precipitation ratio (see below) reaches 2 2. Next the solution is cooled and filtered from small amounts of insoluble material. 

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