Glass increasing

The farther into the uv and the narrower the distribution of the resonant electron frequencies, the smaller the effect of dispersion in the visible region. The Pb(II) ion exhibits absorption in the near-uv, and addition of Pb(II) to a glass increases both n and dispersion. However, the use of Ba(II) and La(III) increases n without increasing dispersion. Fluorophosphates, having absorption bands located well into the uv, are examples of glasses with high AbbH numbers and low refractive indexes. 

In the same way that close-packed directions in a crystal have larger refractive indices, so too can the application of a tensile stress to an isotropic glass increase the index of refraction normal to the direction of the applied stress. Uniaxial compression has the reverse effect. The resulting variation in refractive index with direction is called birefringence, which can be used as a method of measuring stress. 

The gauge glass will normally be somewhat colder than the process vessel as a result of ambient-heat losses (an exception to this would be a refrigerated process). For every 100°F decrease in the gauge-glass temperature or level-trol temperature, the specific gravity of the liquid in the glass increases by 5%. This rule of thumb is typical for hydrocarbons only. Aqueous (water-based) fluids are totally different. 

All laminated glass increases the level of security to some extent. However, depending on the application, security glass is constructed of multiple layers of glass, PVB, polycarbonate, polyurethane, or other polymer materials. Laminated glass permits the same visual observation as normal glass but prevents or delays unauthorized entry (or exit) until the attempt can be detected. It complies with test UL 972 (38). 

The viscosities of glasses increase with the fraction of bridging oxygens. Figure 15.9 shows the increase of rj with Y. 

Table 1 summarises the best-fit simulation parameters for the two glasses. From an inspection of these data, one can conclude that with the increase of the anneal temperature, the most probable diameter Dm of the magnetic nanoparticles formed in the borate glass increases while the standard deviation (the distribution width) aD slightly decreases, so that the assembly of nanoparticles becomes more ordered with respect to their size and shape distributions. 

MD Simulations of Glasses. Increasing use is being made of MD techniques to generate structural models for amorphous solids. The procedure used is simple a molten system is generated and the simulation is then rapidly cooled to below... 

These improvements in pull capacity are due to the improved heat flux density to the glass, which results in a faster melt rate. In addition, the ability of an oxy/fuel furnace to distribute heat input to the most ideal locations within the furnace helps to improve pull capacity. Some claim that the water content in the glass increases because of the different combustion atmosphere for oxy/fuel.1 More water or hydroxyl ions in the glass decrease the viscosity of the melt allowing improved circulation of the melt. 

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