Glass fibre density

Plastics also find increasing use in vehicles for both water and air transport. Glass-fibre-reinforced plastic boats are widely used as a result of their economy in manufacture, ease of maintenance, lightness of weight and, for military purposes, antimagnetic characteristics. The non-corrosive nature of plastics also leads to their widespread use in boat fixtures and fittings. In aircraft, plastics are particularly useful on account of their low density. 

Example 3.1 The density of a composite made from unidirectional glass fibres in an epoxy matrix is 1950 kg/m. If the densities of the glass and epoxy... 

A hybrid composite material is made up of 20% HS carbon fibres by weight and 30% E-glass fibres by weight in an epoxy matrix. If the density of the epoxy is 1300 kg/m and the data in Fig. 3.2 may be used for the fibres, calculate the density of the composite. 

The combination with glass fibre reinforcement allows enhanced mechanical performances for the same density. 

Figure 6.8 plots the reinforcement ratios for short glass fibre reinforced polyamide (PA-GF) versus neat polyamide for six important characteristics calculated versus density and material cost. These characteristics are tensile strength, tensile and flexural modulus, impact strength, HDT A and B. 

ISO 10122 1995 Reinforcement materials -Tubular braided sleeves - Basis for a specification ISO 10371 1993 Reinforcement materials - Braided tapes - Basis for a specification ISO 12215-1 2000 Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 1 Materials Thermosetting resins, glass-fibre reinforcement, reference laminate ISO 15100 2000 Plastics - Reinforcement fibres - Chopped strands - Determination of bulk density... 

The silo may be constructed of steel, concrete, glass fibre, or wood and must be completely weatherproof. It should be vented via a bag filter. For calculating silo capacity, a bulk density of 480 k m is generally appropriate although the value may range from below 400 kg/m when the hydrate is aerated to 560 kg/m when it is fully compacted. 

Figure 4.5 Layered structures with high bending stiffness, (a) Glass-fibre-reinforced skins on an aluminium honeycomb core (b) structural foam injection moulding with maximum density at the skins.

Is the mean length of the glass fibre reinforcement in injection-moulded polypropylene (fig. 4.28a) sufficient enough to give optimal stress transfer to the fibres Explain how the stiffness anisotropy in such a moulding arises. What new mechanisms of energy absorption arise when polystyrene is converted into a low density closed cell foam, and how can the compressive yield stress be controlled over a range of values ... 

Natural fibres show many advantages over glass fibres when used as reinforcement of synthetic polymers (see Table 5.1) the relatively high density of glass fibres 2.5 g/cm ) compared to cellulose or ligno-cellulose fibres of 1.5 g/cm makes lightweight applications possible. 

The main components in the WF series yams are glass fibres and UHMWPE. They were constructed in different mass per unit length (linear density) combinations in order to analyse a range of permutations. The composite yams were double covered with either polyester or polyamide to have a better handle and also to enable dyeing the external surface of the fabric. Polyamide 6,6 was preferred as the covering yam as it has a higher melting point (263 °C) than polyamide 6 (216 °C). Polyamide 6,6 also provides excellent wear resistance and frictional properties. ... 

The maximum breaking force was demonstrated by Spectra WF408, which was also the thickest yam among all the tested yam samples. It consisted of 66 Tex G75 glass fibre in its core and was covered by 72 Tex Type 900 Spectra. The 66 Tex glass fibre was the thickest core used in the samples. The maximum breaking loads endured by the other yams were much lower than Spectra WF408, but these yams also had lower linear densities. 

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