Ligno-cellulose fibres

Starch granules melting and ligno-cellulosic fibres defibration... 

This chapter first gives an overview of cellulose raw materials and their molecular and supermolecular structures. The principles of shaping cellulose into fibres, films, and nonwovens by means of solution techniques are then outlined followed by a section on properties and market applications of these materials. Derivatives of cellulose are presented with special emphasis on thermoplastic cellulose esters, typical plasticizers, and promising reinforcing materials. Finally, recent developments and future prospects of cellulose materials are reviewed as far as the above applications are concerned. This book does not cover the important applications of cellulose and ligno cellulose fibres for reinforcing thermoplastics, like wood plastic composites (WPC) and natural fibre reinforced plastics (NFRP), since in these cases cellulose does not substitute a thermoplastic. 

Natural fibres show many advantages over glass fibres when used as reinforcement of synthetic polymers (see Table 5.1) the relatively high density of glass fibres 2.5 g/cm ) compared to cellulose or ligno-cellulose fibres of 1.5 g/cm makes lightweight applications possible. 

Biocomposites are obtained by the incorporation of macro-fillers (mainly ligno-cellulose fibres) in a biopolymer matrix. One of the main advantages of... 

PHA for biocomposite elaboration is its polar character. PHA shows better adhesion to ligno-cellulose fibres compared to conventional polyolefins. We can find a lot of papers based on PHA-biocomposites. The addition of cellulose fibres and different fillers has often been proposed as a solution to increase the mechanical performance and toughness of PHB and PHBV. ... 

This is equivalent to a gain in weight of 44 per cent, for the tri- nitrate, and 58 per cent, for the tetra-nitrate. The formation of the tetra-nitrate appears to be the limit of nitration of jute fibre. Messrs Cross and Bevan say, "In other words, if we represent the ligno-cellulose molecule by a C 12 formula, it will contain four hydroxyl (OH) groups, or two less than cellulose similarly represented." It contains 11.5 per cent, of nitrogen. The jute nitrates resemble those of cellulose, and are in all essential points nitrates of ligno-cellulose. 

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