Glass fibers microscopy

Seyler coal classification system, 6 709-710, 719 S-glass fibers, 26 758 SG sol-gel abrasives, 7 7 Shadow projection X-ray microscopy, 76 504... 

Figure 1.33 Comparison of light transmission images of glass fiber-reinforced polyamide in (a) bright-field and (b) phase contrast modes. (Reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media from L.C. Swayer, and D.T. Grubb, Polymer Microscopy, Chapman Hall, London. 1996 Springer Science.)...

The association of several techniques to study the same system is always advantageous. For the specific case of surfaces, techniques like XPS, contact angle, diffuse reflectance infrared with Fourier transform, surface area and pore size measurements, scanning electron microscopy appear frequently associated. This is the case for the study of carbon or glass fibers [ 105-109], activated carbons [110], and polymeric films obtained by plasma polymerization [111]. In Section 5, the specific combination of diffuse reflectance spectroscopies in the region of UVA is and XPS will be emphasized. 

Figure 9.3 E-glass fiber surface sized with A-1100 silane by atomic force microscopy. (Courtesy of Vetrotex International,)...

A El Acharl, A Ghenaim, V Wolfe, C Caze, E Carlier. Topographic study of glass fibers by atomic force microscopy. Textile Res J 66 483-490, 1996. 

Seldon [10] measured the weld line strength and impact, and flexural and tensile properties of injection-molded specimens of glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 and talc-filled polypropylene (PP). Further information was obtained by examination of fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. 

The microscopy techniques described for the evaluation of glass fiber composites are widely used to determine the microstructure of carbon and graphite fiber composites. Microscopy of crack propagation in carbon fiber reinforced composites is also very important in understanding mechanical properties. Test specimens and actual composite products are often evaluated to determine the distribution of the fibers in the resin, typically epoxy, and the degree of resin wetting of the fibers. Voids in the composite can be the locus of failure, and their identification and cause are quite important to mechanical property evaluation. 

Two more examples of the application of microscopy techniques to adhesive structural studies are fiber finishes and adhesive labels. Glass fibers are usually pretreated with a polymer coating which protects the fibers during... 

PE gCjgT fiber-reinforced composite formulations have been developed to be used as structural components for various dental appliances such as prosthodontic frameworks, retainers and splints. PE gCgpT reinforced with continuous glass fibers were pultruded continuously in profiles with small rectangular cross sections. The microstructure was evaluated with SEM and optical microscopy, and fiber content and flexure properties were measured. These composites can be molded into individualized devices so the free fibers do not need to be manipulated by the operator. The attractive properties and handling of these composites deserved further study as possible structural dental materials (154). 

The microscopy techniques described for evaluation of glass fiber composites are widely used to determine the microstructure of carbon and graphite fiber composites. Microscopy of crack propagation in carbon fiber reinforced composites is also very important in understanding... 

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