Glass capillary action

Vitreous ceramics are made waterproof and strengthened by glazing. A slurry of powdered glass is applied to the surface by spraying or dipping, and the part is refired at a lower temperature (typically 800°C). The glass melts, flows over the surface, and is drawn by capillary action into pores and microcracks, sealing them. 

Water in contact with glass takes on a concave meniscus, and water rises inside a small-diameter tube because of capillary action. 

In this approach, NAs are directly deposited onto a glass support using a robot able to deliver with high precision a sample to a specific x y programmed location. The NA sample is loaded into a spotting pin (highly miniaturized stainless-steel fountain-pen nibs with a gap) by capillary action, and small volumes are transferred to a solid surface, such as a microscope slide, by direct physical contact between the pin and the solid substrate. Spot size depends on the acceleration of the pen towards and away from the slide, and the surface tension of the slide. After the first spotting cycle, the pin is washed and a second sample is then transferred to an adjacent address. A robotic control system and multiplexed print heads allow the automated immobilization of many different probes simultaneously onto the slide [29]. 

Color Plate 26 Thin-Layer Chromatograph (Section 25-1) The mixture to be separated is placed in tiny spots near the base of a plastic or glass plate coated with an adsorptive stationary phase. When the plate is placed in a shallow pool of solvent in a closed chamber, liquid migrates up the plate by capillary action. Different components of the mixture are carried along by the solvent to different extents, depending on how strongly they are adsorbed on the stationary phase. The stronger the adsorption, the slower a component travels. 

Capillary action causes water to climb up the internal walls of a narrow glass tube. Why does the water not climb as high when the glass tube is wider ... 

Fig. 17. Fiber-optic refractive index sensor. Fluid of interesl is drawn by capillary action into a duct through a glass substrate. The effective path length varies in proportion with the refractive index. (Yazbak, Foxboro, Massachusetts)...

The TLC plate is then placed in a glass container with a solvent filled to approximately 1 cm from the bottom. The solvent will move to the top of the TLC plate as a result of capillary action. Since each compound in the mixture will have a unique way of interacting with the matrix and the solvent, some compounds will move faster towards the top of the TLC plate than others. The it /-value is the ratio of the distance of the compound has migrated divided by the distance the solvent has migrated, and has by definition a maximum value of 1. The -value tends to be constant for a given combination of compound, solvent, and matrix so that comparisons can be made between separations performed at different times. If a given compound is colored, it is easy to determine the / -value. For non-colored compounds staining methods are available (see section 1.3). 

Liquid infiltration into dry porous materials occurs due to capillary action. The mechanism of infiltrating liquids into porous bodies has been studied by many researches in the fields of soil physics, chemistry, powder technology and powder metallurgy [Carman, 1956 Semlak Rhines, 1958]. However, the processes and kinetics of liquid infiltration into a powdered preform are rather complex and have not been completely understood. Based on Darcy s fundamental principle and the Kozeny-Carman equation, Semlak Rhines (1958) and Yokota et al. (1980) have developed infiltration rate equations for porous glass and metal bodies. These rate equations can be used to describe the kinetics of liquid infiltration in porous ceramics preforms, but... 

Dilute DNA solution to 1-2 ug/ml. in sterile TE and fill the injection pipet by dipping the end in the diluted DNA solution. Allow capillary action to fill the pipet to several millimeters above the tip. Attach the injection pipet to a second micromanipulator via its instrument tube, and connect the instrument tube to a glass 50-mL syringe filled with air. Insert the injection pipet tip into the injection chamber at a 5-10° angle. Demonstrate that the injector is not clogged by displacing an egg with a stream of DNA solution. 

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