Glass and glassware

The United States and Turkey supply about 80% of the global boron demand. Of the total aimual U.S. production of about 500,000 tons, 45% is used in the manufacture of glass and glassware, 15% in laundry products, 10% in... 

Savage, G. 1975. Glass and Glassware. Octopus Books, London. 

All glassware, including coplin jars, glass-staining racks, and stacks of cover glass and bottles for buffers, should be heat treated in an oven at 180°C for 8 h. The items can be covered by aluminium foil before being placed in the oven in order to prevent contamination when removing the items afterward. 

Experiments are performed in special laboratory ware made from thin or thick laboratory glass. Thin glassware must be chemically and thermally stable. Ware in which reactions are performed with heating is made from heat-resistant Pyrex glass and quartz. 

Thermal expansion of water and glass is discussed in Section 2-9. In contrast to older types of glass, volumetric glassware made of Pyrex, Kimax, or other low-expansion glass can be safely dried in an oven heated to at least 320°C without harm,16 although there is rarely reason to go above 150°C. 

Silylating agents have also been used to treat glassware before handling moisture-sensitive compounds. For example, a chlorine-terminated polydimethyl si-loxane is available commercially.3 These reagents suppress the basicity of the glass and provide a hydrophobic surface. 

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