Glacial terrain

Hamilton, S.M. 1998. Electrochemical mass transport in overburden a new model to account for the formation of selective leach geochemical anomalies in glacial terrain. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 63, 155-172. 

R. Salminer, M. Kokkola, Prospect. Areas Glacialed Terrain, 171 (1984). 

All four of the mechanisms described above probably operate to some degree at every site where mineralisation is buried and it is possible that any one of them could dominate in selected environments. However, the first three are precluded as major contributors to transport in thick, water-saturated Quaternary glacial environments. Since selective leach anomalies are now commonly reported in glacial terrain, electrochemical processes are likely to dominate in at least this environment. 

Electrical conductivities of typical shallow groundwater in glacial terrain (Shoot Zone gold property, northwestern Ontario) and those of common bedrock materials converted from the usual resistivity units (from Keller and Frischknecht, 1966)... 

Nilsson, G., 1973. Nickel prospecting and the discovery of the Mjoevattnet mineralisation, northern Sweden a case history of the use of combined techniques in drift-covered glacial terrain. In Prospecting in Areas of Glaciated Terrain. Instn. Min. Metall., London, pp. 97-109. 

A geographic region that is characterized by a rock type or a suite of rock types that have a common origin (e.g., glacial terrain). 

Mesozoic volcanic rocks and coeval intrusive complexes within the Quesnel geotectonic terrain of central British Columbia host several major porphyry copper-gold mines. Exploration for new deposits in this region has been met with limited success, because prospective bedrock is mantled by Late Pleistocene glacial sediment (e.g.,till) and Late Olig-ocene to Pleistocene plateau basalt. 

Iceland s potential to generate power from hydroelectric dams is also considerable because of the country s large area of mountainous terrain, glacial melt, and reliable precipitation. Hydroelectric plants in the country currently have a capacity of approximately 1,000 mw12 and supply more than 6.8 million Mwh per year of electricity.13 In March 2003, Iceland approved plans for an Alcoa Inc. aluminum smelter and a 630 mw hydroelectric facility to provide power for this very electricity-intensive process.14 This decision has encountered opposition from environmental groups because the resulting reservoir will flood land in an undeveloped wilderness area. 

The chemical composition of glacial melt waters described above is the result of a series of reactions that are controlled first by reaction kinetics, and then by microbial activity. The following is a summary of the principal reactions in glaciated terrain, first on bedrock that is primarily composed of silicates and aluminosilicates. 

Harlavan Y., Erel Y., and Blum J. D. (1998) Systematic changes in lead isotopic composition with soil age in glacial granitic terrains. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 33—46. 

Hale, M. and Moon, C.J., 1982. Geochemical expressions at surface of mineralisation concealed beneath glacial till at Keel, Eire. In P.H. Davenport (ed.). Prospecting in Areas of Glaciated Terrain 1982. Can. Inst. Min. Metall., pp. 228-236. 

Long Island, built on highly permeable glacial sands where almost all rainfall percolated into the earth, relied on wells for their water supply. As in California, an aircraft manufacturing industry arose on the hard, flat terrain where airports were easy to build. 

During glacial periods, ice depressed the Earths crust by up to several hundred meters. When the ice melted, the land rose again, after a delay. During this delay the sea flooded the deglaciated terrain. This was followed by an uplift, exposing large areas of sea floor. 

Geological events influence terrestrial subsurface iodine distribution. For example, in the glacial periods ice melted, the sea rose and the land was flooded. The subsequent uplift of the deglaciated terrain exposed large areas of sea floor. 

Paleoseismology of Glaciated Terrain, Fig. 4 Schematic stress evolution at a fixed location in the upper crust during a glacial period. Pre-existing (e.g., tectonic) stress field (black), glacially induced stresses direct elastic load (blue), flexural (red). (1) Shortly before... 

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