Glacial sand

USA Illinois (central) Mahomet and Clasford glacial sand and gravel aquifers... 

Bohlke J. K., Wanty R., Tuttle M., Dehn G., and Landon M. (2002) Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial sand outwash aquifer, Minnesota. Water Resour. Res. 38(7), doi 10.1029/2001WR000663. 

Long Island, built on highly permeable glacial sands where almost all rainfall percolated into the earth, relied on wells for their water supply. As in California, an aircraft manufacturing industry arose on the hard, flat terrain where airports were easy to build. 

A much longer core (17.48 m) was recovered from Lake Vanda by the Dry Valley Drilling Project at site 4A in the deepest part of the lake (Cartwright et al. 1974). The core penetrated the entire section of sediment and included 5.06 m of granitic basement rocks at the bottom overlain by 12.42 m of unconsolidated sediment. The stratigraphy of the sediment in Fig. 19.33 includes 6.68 m of marine deposits at the base (M), followed by glacial sand and gravel (2.22 cm) (G), and lacustrine deposits (L) at the top (3.52 cm). 

Guyton, W.F. (1946). Artificial recharge of glacial sand and gravel with filtered river water at Louisville KY. Economical Geology 41(6) 644-658. 

The site is situated on a glacial outwash plain, and surface deposits consist of fill and undisturbed gravel and sand outwash containing minor silt and peat. Underlying the outwash at a depth of 20 or more feet is glacial till. Groundwater occurs under water table conditions within the highly permeable outwash deposits at a depth of 8 to 12 ft across the site. 

Fig. 16.30 Gas chromatograms of kerosene recovered from sand, sandy loam and peat after volatilization at 5 and 27 °C for 30 and 7 days, respectively R denotes remaining kerosene (% of initial amount). Reprinted from Jarsjo J, Destouni G, Yaron B (1994) Retention and volatilization of kerosene laboratory experiments on glacial and postglacial soils. J Contam Hydrol 17 167-185. Copyright 1994 with permission of Elsevier...

In a 5-I. round-bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer, reflux condenser, and dropping funnel are placed 4 1. of glacial acetic acid and 1 g. of sodium chloride. The acid is heated to boiling on a sand bath until the sodium chloride is in solution, and then 1 1. of defibrinated blood (Note 1) is added in a thin stream from the dropping funnel over a period of about thirty minutes. The blood should not touch the sides of the flask. 

---