Ginsenosides distribution

TABLE 1.1 Distribution of ginsenosides in different plant parts (fresh, dried, and/or processed) of Panax species (Araliaceae) and Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Cucurbitaceae)... 

Odani, T., Tanizawa, H., and Takino, Y. (1983a). Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. 11. The absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside Rgi in the rat. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 31, 292-298. 

Takino Y, Odani T, Tanizawa FI, Flayashi T. (1982). Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of ginseng saponins I. Quantitative analysis of ginsenoside Rgl in rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 30(6) 2196-201. 

The standardization is the prerequisite for a constant pharmacological answer. This chapter will discuss the recent investigations we have performed on the standardized P. ginseng extract G115 (GINSANA ), its standardization, the pharmacological models we have used to establish its activity, and the pharmacokinetic distribution and metabolism of the ginsenosides. 

As shown in Figures 16.9 and 16.10, the distribution of the ginsenosides is different in the various parts of the plant, both in total content and in the relative ratio of the different ginsenosides.9... 

The amount of nonmetabolized intact Rgj and Rb2 absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of the rat is about 1.9 and 0.1% of the doses, respectively.28 With a whole-body autoradiography, Strombom et al.29 (Figure 16.29) have been able to demonstrate in rats the absorption and distribution of the radioactively labeled ginsenoside Rgj and its metabolites after per oral administration of a radioactively labeled ginsenoside Rgj isolated from the G115 extract. 

J. Stombom et al., Studies on absorption and distribution of ginsenoside Rgj by whole-body autoradiography and chromatography, Acta Pharm. Suec., 22, 113, 1985. 

Studies of the distribution of [3H]ginsenoside Rgl following intravenous injection have been performed in mice (80). Tissue radioactivity was greatest in the kidney, followed by the adrenal gland, liver, lungs, spleen, pancreas, heart, testes, and brain. Plasma protein binding was 24%, and tissue protein binding was 48% in the liver, 22% in testes, and 8% in the brain. 

Studies of the distribution of [3H] ginsenoside Rgl following intravenous injection have been performed in mice (Liu and Xiao, 1992). Tissue radioactiv-... 

Table X. Distribution of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (5J)...

Takino, Y., T. Odani, H. Tanizawa, and T. Hayashi Studies on the Absorption, Distribution, Excretion and Metabolism of Ginseng Saponins. I. Quantitative Analysis of Ginsenoside Rgi in Rats. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Japan) 30, 2196 (1982). 

Karikura M, Miyase T, Tanizawa H, Takino Y (1991) Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. VI. The decomposition products of ginsenoside Rb2 in the stomach of rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 39 400-404. 

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