Ginger extraction

NAVEENA B M, MENDIRATA s K and ANJANEYULU A s R (2001) Quality of smoked spent hen meat treated with ginger extract , JAgric Food Chem, 49 (5) 522-4. 

The thiocyanate method involves measurement of the peroxide value using linoleic acid as substrate and has also been widely used to measure the antioxidant activity in plant-based foods such as ginger extracts (Kikuzaki and Nakatani 1993), fruit peels (Larrauri and others 1996 1997), extracts from vegetable by-products (Larrosa and others 2002 Llorach and others 2003 Abas and others 2006 Peschel and others 2006), blueberry juice, wines, and vinegars (Su and Chien 2007). 

Platelet Inhibition Ginger extract has been found to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, epinephrine, ADP, and collagen (Srivastava 1984). The extract s ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and thromboxane levels correlated well with inhibition of platelet aggregation (Srivastava 1984 Mustafa et al. 1993). The type of preparation used also affects platelet inhibition, because roasted and charcoal of ginger were effective, while ether extracts of raw and dried ginger were not (Wu et al. 1993). 

Ginger extracts (acetone, 50% ethanolic and aqueous) were investigated for antiemetic activity in dogs (Sharma et al. 1997). Emesis was induced by 3 mg/kg cisplatin (a 100% emetic dose IV) in healthy mongrel... 

A standardized ginger extract (22% gingerols) was tested in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil, to examine the effects of the extract on both... 

Fuhrman, B., M. Rosenblat, T. Hayek, R. Coleman, and M. Aviram. Ginger extract consumption reduces plasma cholesterol, inhibits LDL oxidation and attenuates development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic, apolipo-protein E-deficient mice. J Nutr 2000 130(5) 1124-1131. 

Weber, M. L. A follow-up study of thirty-five cases of paralysis caused by adulterated Jamaica-ginger extract. MedBull Vet Admin 1937 13 228-242. Kim, J. H., Y. S. Yoo, M. I. Mang, and H. S. Yun-Choi. Effects of some combined crude drug preparations against platelet aggregations. Korean J Phar-macogl990 21(2) 126-129. 

Figure 7. Relationship of gingerol and derived compounds in ginger extracts (45)...

He et al. (1998) developed a gradient elution reversed-phase HPLC technique for separation of pungent principles. HPLC-UV-electrospray MS was used successfully to identify the individual pungent constituents in the chromatogram of ginger extract. Seven compounds were identified positively as the major pungent constituents of... 

Studies by Stoilova et al. (2007) established the antioxidant activity of ginger extract. Total phenols of the alcoholic ginger extract are about 870.1mg/g dry extract. 

Stoilova, I., Krastanv, A., Stoyanova, A., Denev, P. and Gargova, S. (2007) Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Food Chemistry 1 02, 764-770. 

Some extractions are only limited by diffusion and especially the internal diffusion. In certain cases like basil oil extraction or ginger extraction, the solubility of the extract in supercritical fluid is very high but the access in the matrix is more difficult, so that the concentration of... 

The first case of the new syndrome associated with the use of extract of Jamaica ginger was seen by Dr Goldfain at an Oklahoma hospital on 27 February 1930. By the end of the day he had treated four patients, all apparently suffering from the same syndrome, a multiple neuritis (inflammation of the nerves). It so happened that one of the patients was a pharmacist who had sold the jake extract and had himself taken some ten days earlier. Another sixty-five patients with the same symptoms presented themselves, all of whom had taken Jamaica ginger extract seven to sixteen days prior to the onset of their symptoms. While the association between the use of the Jamaica ginger extract and the illness was made, this was puzzling because the remedy had been used since the middle of the nineteenth century without any apparent problem. 

Many shipments of Jamaica ginger extracts were seized by the Food and Drug Administration and the primary source of the adulterated samples was eventually traced to a company in Boston, Hub Products. The president of the company, Harry Gross, and a part-owner of the firm were charged with conspiracy to violate the Prohibition Act and the Food and Drug Act. They pleaded guilty and were convicted. ... 

Why had TOCP been added to the ginger extract Tri-orthocresyl phosphate was readily available as it was a constituent of lacquers and varnishes, and was extensively used in the leather industry. It was seen as an ideal solvent to use in the preparation of jake because it was odourless, tasteless, colourless, and cheap. It was also miscible with the resinous extract of ginger and soluble in alcohol. Unfortunately, it was very toxic to humans, a fact that appears not to have been known. At the time there was no law requiring food additives or medicinal products to be tested for safety, and thus the suppliers had broken the law, not by supplying a contaminated and unsafe product, but by selling a product that was not as described in the US pharmacopoeia. In June 1930 twenty-one men and six New York corporations were indicted for conspiracy to violate federal laws. 

S. Saha, R. M. Smith, E. Lenz, and I. D. Wilson, Analysis of a ginger extract by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using superheated deuterium oxide as the mobile phase, J. Chromatogr. A 991 (2003), 143-150. 

Nature s Plus Liquid Ginger Extract, 4% volatile oils... 

Another placebo-controlled, 3-week treatment crossover study with a 1-week washout period between treatments studied the same ginger extract compound compared to ibuprofen and placebo. Pain relief by ibuprofen was significantly greater than placebo, but a difference between ginger extract and placebo was lacking (28). 

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