Superheated deuterium

R. M. Smith, O. Chienthavorn, I. D. Wilson, and B. Wright, Superheated deuterium oxide reversed-phase chromatography coupled to proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Anal. Commun. 35 (1998), 261-263. 

D. Louden, A. Handley, R. Lafont, S.Taylor, I. Sinclair, E. Lenz,T. Orton, and I. D. Wilson, HPLC analysis of ecdysteroids in plant extracts using superheated deuterium oxide with multiple on-line spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, IH NMR, and US), Anal. Chem. 74 (2002), 288-294. 

S. Saha, R. M. Smith, E. Lenz, and I. D. Wilson, Analysis of a ginger extract by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using superheated deuterium oxide as the mobile phase, J. Chromatogr. A 991 (2003), 143-150. 

Superheated water extraction has been coupled to superheated chromatography both on line [97] and offline with an intermediate sorbent concentration step [98]. Mixtures with other solvents have been used at high temperatures, such as dimethyl sulfoxide [99] and methanol [100]. Superheated deuterium chromatography has been used so that it could be coupled to NMR spectroscopy [101]. 

In reeent years, tire use of elevated temperatures has been reeognised as a potential variable in method development. Witlr inereased temperature, aqueous-organie mobile phases separations ean improve, viseosity deereases and diffusion inereases so baek pressures are redueed. At higher temperatures (usually with superheated water > 100 °C under modest pressures) water alone ean be used as the mobile phase and eair provide unique separation opportunities. The absenee of an organie solvent enables the use in HPLC of alternative deteetors sueh as FID or on-line LC-NMR using deuterium oxide as the eluent. 

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