Germline

Btk (Bruton s tyrosine kinase) is a phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase sensitive cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. Germline loss of function mutations of Btk cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia in human and X-linked immunodeficiency in mice. 

A transgene is an additional extra gene which is introduced into the germline of an animal. 

The inherited diseases of muscle in adults are highly variable. They may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive. They may result from germline mosaicism, from a genetically determined predisposition, or from an abnormality in mitochondrial DNA. As a result, these diseases are also variable in age of onset, in the severity of expression of disease, and in the management of the disease. 

Frebouig, T. and Friend, S.H. (1992). Cancer risks from germline p53 mutations. J. Clin. Invest. 90, 1637-1641. 

Alphey, L., Jimenez, J., White-Cooper, H Dawson, I., Nurse, R, and Glover, D. M. (1992). twine, a cdc25 homolog that functions in the male and female germline of Drosophila. Cell 69 977-988. 

Eehner The phenotype has only been described for RBF1. What has been described more carefully is the phenotype resulting from elimination of both the maternal and the zygotic RBF l function by generating germline clones (Du ... 

Tamura, T., Thibert, C., Royer, C. et al. 2000. Germline transformation of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. using apiggyBac transposon-derived vector. Nat. Biotechnol., 18(1) 81—84. 

Reinke V et al. A global profile of germline gene expression in C. elegans. Mol Cell 2000 6 605-618. 

Weber, T.K., et al., "Novel hMLHl and hMSH2 Germline Mutations in African Americans with Colorectal Cancer," JAMA, 281, 2316-2320 (1999). 

Gene mutations occur in two ways they can be inherited from a parent or acquired during a person s lifetime. Mutations that are passed from parent to child are called hereditary mutations or germline mutations (because they are present in the egg and sperm cells, which are also called germ cells). This type of mutation is present throughout a person s life in virtually every cell in the body. 

Germline mutation A gene change in the body s reproductive cells (egg or sperm) that becomes incorporated into the DNA of every cell in the body of offspring germline mutations are passed on from parents to offspring. Also called hereditary mutation. [NIH]... 

Gaythee, S. a., et al., Variation of risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with different germline mutations of the BRCA2 gene. Nat Genet, 1997, 15(1), 103-5. 

H1/H5 Hholp Hisl.1-3 Hl.l-5/Hl° Canonical Successively replace germline-specific histones during gastrulation and specification RD/RI ... 

Product inhibition and chemical modification of the antibody are prevented by in situ generation of the oxime. Surprisingly, the germline precursor of AZ-28, which has a much lower affinity toward the eliciting hapten, accelerated the reaction 164000-fold over the uncatalyzed background reaction. In order to study the... 

Transgenic animals have a new gene (transgene) introduced into their germline. 

Answer B. A gene introduced into the germline of mice (a transgene) would produce transgenic animals. 

Although the study of inherited cancer syndromes has led to the identification of a number of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, the inherited cancer syndromes are thought to account for only about 1% of all cancers. However, somatic (as opposed to germline) mutations in many of these tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes play a key role in the causation of noninher-... 

Often, genes involved in the less common, strongly inherited subsets of common diseases are also involved in the common noninherited cases (but in different ways, such as a somatic mutation instead of germline mutation). 

Germline gene therapy is the introduction of a DNA sequence into a fertilized egg, resulting in incorporation of the DNA into all cells of the recipient... 

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