Germination The

Inoculum Preparation Stage Two batches of inoculum of about 50 gallons each are prepared by the following method A 25 ml inoculum (from the germination stage) is transferred to each of four 2-liter flasks, each containing 500 ml of the sterile medium utilized for germination. The flasks and contents are incubated for 5 days at 28°C on a rotary shaker (280 rpm, 2 inch stroke). 

The germination bioassay consisted of germinating the seeds of a number of crop and weed species (Table I) for 72 h in the dark at... 

The responses of the test seed to increased external osmolarity were determined by germinating the seeds in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution of 40.3 mOsm (10). The only test seeds significantly affected by this treatment were those of tomato where PEG-treated seed germination was 69.3% of that observed in deionized water. Dilution of the aqueous extract to 1 32 (w/w) removed all inhibitory action, but the diluted solution increased wheat germination. 

Experiment 2. Effects of terpenoid allelochemicals on pollen germination The effects of the terpenoids found in many allelopathically active plants are dependent on the concentration of the active matter (Fig. 4). Linalool, cymol, citral, gaillardine and austricine excreted by many flowers, stimulated the pollen germination upto 10 7-1()" M concentrations and depress in higher ones. Rodriguez et.al (1976) described the biological effects of some sesquiterpene lactones, which are allelochemicals. 

Figure 15—3 lays out the four-step process, starting with germinating the seed from which everything sprouts. Triethyl aluminum is created from aluminum, hydrogen, and ethylene in step one, which itself has several parts. Powdered aluminum in a toluene slurry is fir-st converted to diethyl aluminum hydride, HA1(C2H5)2, at 212—300 F and 1500 psi. This product is then fed to a tubular reactor with ethylene at 212 F and 300 psi to produce triethyl aluminum. Yields are about 90%. 

The last inhibitor from rose seeds was identified as 2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid (2 ). The specific activity of this compound is not very high, but rose seeds contain enough of it to exert measurable inhibition of seed germination. The bioactivity seems to depend on this particular structure because a number of similar compounds (29 - 37) have no activity or much lower activity than 2 . 

Incorporation of [1-13C] Ferulic Acid. [1-13C] ferulic acid 5a, synthesized as previously described (26), was administered for 21-28 days to seedlings of L. leucocephala and T. aestivum following germination. The solid state C-13 spectra so obtained are shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, respectively. Note that these are difference spectra, obtained by subtraction of natural abundance resonances from that of the C-13 enriched samples, i.e., only C-13 enhanced resonances are evident. 

Inorganics. Sulfur was the first effective fungicide and is still widely used as a protectant acting through the inhibition of conidial germination. The selective activity of sulfur against powdery mildews... 

A traditional method of cultivation is being used. First the seeds are selected and are placed in a hothouse and watered regularly to assist germination. The young seedling is then transplanted in a carefully prepared plot of land at the start of the rainy season. 

The main function of D-galactomannans in seeds is as reserve polysaccharides that are depleted during germination. The a-D-galactosyl stubs of the polysaccharide provide hydrophilic character to the molecule, thus endowing it with a water-retaining capacity this facilitates germination of the seed. 

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