Germination definition

Fate, G., Chang, M., and Lynn, D. G. 1990. Control of germination in Striga asiatica chemistry of spatial definition. Plant Physiol. 93, 207-207... 

A similar procedure can be applied to the branches of the germinated spores of Fig. 19. The only measurement listed above which cannot be really obtained is the length of the main hypha. Its definition is somewhat unclear. In the above approach it is usually stated to be the longest path between two tips. In the example of Fig. 19, it is certainly not true as the spore from which the filaments originated is almost at the center of the structure. For a more developed filament the spore is often not clearly visible any more due to the spatial resolution. 

Within the Basidiomycota neither the dipartite classical system of Patouillard [323], which was recently improved by Oberwinkler [186,324,325], nor the tripatite systems, which are based on the morphology of the basidium according to Lowy [326], Talbot [327] and Donk [328, 329], could be corroborated by biochemical and molecular data. In contrast to Lowy, Talbot and Donk, Patouillard and Oberwinkler considered the mode of basidiospore germination important for the definition of different classes of the Basidiomycota. 

The factor / is a reproductive fitness measure that compounds the relative ability of resist nts, compared to susceptibles, in germination, establishment, growth, seed production and survival. Fitness is thus always measured when the resistant and susceptible individuals are in competition with each other in the absence of selection for the mutants. When they are grown separately the resistant individuals are often less productive , and in competitive situations the resistant individuals are more affected (Table I). (See Appendix 1 for exact mathematical definitions.)... 

This equation explicitly depends on the fraction of susceptible (qr(sl) and resistant (qr(, )) seeds that germinate. It also depends on all other aspects, including relative germination ability of resistants in competition with susceptibles. See Eq. A1.20 for the exact definition of the fitness factor /. For simplicity, and in the absence of the detailed information that would permit use of Eq. 2, we shall generally assume that the fraction germinating in a given season is small ( /( ) < 1, < 1) and that resistant and susceptible seeds perish to an... 

It is customary to revolve the drums very slowly at first but, as germination proceeds, the speed of rotation is gradually stepped up. No definite operating rules can be set up since germinating... 

The data presented in this section have established a genetic relationship between the ascal state of N. scleroticus and the foliar fructifications on Nigrocomus-infected tillers for two of its hosts. It is highly probable that a similar relationship exists for all of its hosts. Although Srinivasan and Thirumalachar (1969) stated that colonies derived from germinating ephelidial conidia were identical with that obtained from germinating conidia in all respects this is the first report to provide definitive proof. 

Small quantities of alkaloid, not definitely located, occur in the seeds of Cinchona spp. (45,46), Strychnos quaqua Gilg. (44), Narcissus (1), Genista spp., and Ulex europaeus L. (47). The behavior upon germination varies to some extent depending upon the class concerned, but the general tendency is for alkaloids to appear or increase in amount in the growing tissues and, where present, to disappear in the passive ones. 

As indicated in Table XIII, human exposure to soybean isoflavones, measured in DES equivalents, is considerably more likely than exposure to coumestrol in soybeans. Several fold Increases in Isoflavone content during germination is a definite possibility. The Importance of soybean estrogens, particularly in germinated soybeans, in the etiology of deleterious reactions in humans needs more study. Soybean isoflavones and phenolic acids probably account for the antioxidant activity of soybeans, defatted soy flour, protein concentrates, and Isolates (89). 

The attached-X mosaic lethal test suffers from at least two disadvantages—(a) only lethals which are not germinally selected against in the F male will be detected (b) any lethal which is detected will be lost to analysis since by definition no Fg survivors will carry it. Nevertheless, for chemicals which have already been shown to be capable of inducing sex-linked lethals, the attached-X test outlined above is a valuable supplemental test for measuring objectively, and relatively easily, the frequency of sex-linked lethals which are mosaically expressed between somatic and germinal lines of the male. 

Definition Yel. or amber-colored grains of barley which have been partially germinated Properties Char, odor and taste sol. in water, ethanol insol. in veg. oil... 

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