Germany surrender

This was written in "Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler he was in hospital recovering from expected blindness caused by a mustard gas attack when Germany surrendered ("the greatest villainy of the century"), and there he resolved to reverse Germany s defeat. It was Hitler s rise to power that was the cause of Haber leaving Germany in 1933. 

In the spring of 1945, preparations began in the Pacific for the use of the atomic bomb. On May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered, and the project was then focused solely on Japan. On July 16, 1945, a test device code-named Gadget was detonated at the Alamogordo Bombing Range in New Mexico as part of Project Trinity, the first explosion of a nuclear weapon. The success of the first test of a nuclear weapon was a testament to the ability of the leadership of the Manhattan Project to carry out an unprecedented industrial project, with the world s most talented scientists... 

Going out of the Palace, I felt a sudden relief. It was about two and a half years after Germany had surrendered, and about two years since Japan had surrendered, and I was sure this trial would make a strong contribution to eventual peace. 

Despite Germany s surrender, Japan continued to resist the unconditional surrender demanded by the Allied Forces. Knowing that the U.S. would shortly have enriched uranium and plutonium bombs ready for use enabled Truman to avoid extending Japan an offer of surrender that allowed the Emperor to continue to rule. On July 26, 1945, the Potsdam Declaration was issued via radio to Japan. President Truman, Chiang Kai-Shek of Nationalist China, and Winston Churchill of Great Britain called on the Japanese government to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction. 4 Japanese leadership rejected the declaration on July 29, 1945. 

Richard Overy has argued, victory was not pre-ordained in 1942. The Axis powers occupied most of continental Europe and much of the Far East. Unity of purpose on the part of the Allies could not be assumed. The Allies early defeats pointed to the need to improve the qualitative performance of their armed forces as well as of their equipment. Mobilisation of national economies depended upon a will to win on the part of the people. Only after Germany had surrendered on 8 May 1945 did a decisive weapon appear in the shape of the atomic bomb. ... 

If Germany had been forced to surrender in 1915, Lenin might never have made it back to Russia from exile in Switzerland. The Bolshevik revolution might never have happened, or it might have taken a milder course. Germany, too, would have been much less likely to descend into economic chaos and political bloodletting. In the absence of Fritz Haber, in other words, we might never have heard the names Hitler and Stalin. 

Grove s report at great length with Churchill. The British prime minister was elated and said that he now understood why Truman had been so forceful with Stalin the previous day, especially in his opposition to Russian designs on Eastern Europe and Germany. Churchill then told Truman that the bomb could lead to Japanese surrender without an invasion and eliminate the necessity for Russian military help. He recormnended that the President continue to take a hard line with Stalin. Truman and his advisors shared Churchill s views. The success of the Trinity test stiffened Truman s resolve, and he refused to accede to Stalin s new demands for concessions in Turkey and the Mediterranean. 

After Germany s surrender, its technology and scientific results were exploited by the allies leading to the development of the first operational infrared guided air-to-air missile, the Aerial Intercept Missile 9 (AIM-9), nicknamed Sidewinder that was ingeniously designed by Dr Burdette McLean at Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) China Lake in 1948 [42] (Figure 2.4). 

The Second World War from 1939 to 1945 drew in all of the great powers and led to the creation of two unstable military alliances the Allies and the Axis. The Allies included the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, whereas the Axis included Germany, Japan, and Italy. It was the most destructive war in history, with the participants focusing their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military research. The war in Europe ended with the surrender of Nazi Germany on May 8, 1945, but, incredibly, the Japanese continued to fight on. 

Five weeks before the surrender of Germany, all responsible officers in OC CWS and at the installations received a copy of this plan. ... 

After the defeat of Germany the Demobilization Planning Branch began to give serious consideration to plans for Period II. The surrender of Japan and the end of hostilities, coming early as they did, found the plan still in its infancy. The CWS, therefore, continued to operate under the plan for Period I, most of the features of which applied with equal force to Period II. 

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