Germanium elemental

Ans. Mendeleev had used the prefix eka- (Sanskrit word for first) to name elements whose existence he predicted, applying the prefix to a known element in the same periodic group as the predicted element. His eka-boron, eka-aluminum, and e a-silicon were later discovered, confirmed, and named scandium, gallium, and germanium. Elements 104 and 105 were predicted to have electronic structures analogous to Hf and Ta. 

The synthesis of E Ge proved unequivocally that the germanium discovered by Winkler belong to Group IV of the Periodic Table and that it was identical to Mendeleev s eca-silicon. Consequently, Winkler was the forefather of both the new germanium element and also the chemistry of its organic derivatives, whereas Mendeleev was their Nostradamus. 

The bolometer is another type of thermal detector that can offer extreme sensitivity for specialized applications, t This is essentially a resistance thermometer, usually with a platinum, nickel, carbon, or germanium element, although a semiconductor thermistor can also be used. Typically, two elements are used in a bridge circuit with one exposed to radiation and the other kept dark as a reference. The germanium bolometer provides exceptional... 

Subsequently, in 1860, Bunsen demonstrated that the colouring of the flames used as a means of identifying certain salts was due to the element and not the compound to which it was bound. The power of this new method led him to discover two unknown elements in mineral water caesium and rubidium. Other researchers then soon discovered thallium, indium, gallium and germanium, elements for which lines are emitted in the visible domain. 

CAS 7440-56-4 EINECS/ELINCS 231-164-3 Synonyms Germanium element Germanium, metal powder... 

Germanium detectors are almost always cooled to 77 K with LN2. The first versions of these detectors were operated as low-bias diodes, and their noise performance was significantly worse than that of InGaAs detectors. The newer Ge detectors are fabricated from high-purity germanium elements and are biased near 100 V. These detectors cut on at about 6000 cm (3400-cm Stokes shift) and have excellent sensitivity, with an NEP that can be less than 10 W Like the InGaAs detector, the frequency response of Ge detectors... 

Carbon bolometers have been made of slices of material used in the construction of electrical resistors (Boyle Rodgers, 1959) however, far better results have been achieved with doped germanium elements (Low, 1961). Single crystals of... 

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