Germacrene alcohol

Schulthess BH, Giger ER, Baumann TW (1991) Echinacea anatomy, phytochemical pattern, and germination of the achene. Planta Med 57 384-388 Bauer R, Remiger P, Wray V, Wagner H (1988) A germacrene alcohol from fresh aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea, Planta Med 54 478-479... 

Fig-fig wasp interactions are an example of highly specialized and diversified mutualism. Approximately 900 species of Ficus (Moraceae), when receptive, release floral scents that attract specific wasps (Agaonidae) for pollination. The chemical compositions of the floral scents differ considerably among different Ficus species, and several volatiles such as ( )-/3-ocimene, ct-pinene, linalool, trcrns-linalool oxide furanoside (21), 1,8-cineol, f-carvoph vllcnc, germacrene D, a-copaene, and benzyl alcohol have been identified as the dominant components of these scents.89 Such differences in composition of the floral scents of figs induce species specificity in the attraction of fig wasps.90 In addition, in fig flowers, the scent composition differs between the receptive and... 

The GC-MS and HPLC analyses of oils from Salvia sclarea provided a comparative analysis profile of different plant materials. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., germacrene D and (3-caryophyllene), monoterpene alcohols (e.g., ot-terpineol), diterpenoids (mainly sclareol), monoterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., myrcene, limonene, and the two ocimene isomers), and the principal components (linalyl acetate and linalool) were analyzed. 

As a result of acid-catalysed reactions during steam distillation, a number of terpenes and sesquiterpenes [66] of the native cold-pressed oils undergo transformation /9, 67-69]. This applies mainly to the pinenes, sabinene, thujene and some sesquiterpenes. While cold-pressed lime oils contain up to 2.3% of the reactive germacrenes, only traces of germacrene B can be found in distilled oils ]70]. When compared to their educts, the newly formed constiments, mainly alcohols, such as a-terpineol or fenchyl alcohol, possess completely different sensory properties. Additionally, cyclisations and hydratisations of aldehydes result in a reduced presence of these constituents in distilled products. Many compounds which characterise the flavour of distilled lime are formed during production. The extremely different composition of cold-pressed and distilled oils accounts for their completely different flavour profile and they, therefore, have to be considered as a reaction flavouring. 

Phytochemistry The herb contains essential oil (with phenols such as thymol and isomers of carvacrol), bi and tricyclic sesquiterpenes, free alcohols, tannins, ascorbic acids, and flavonoids (Akopov 1990 Sivropoulou et al. 1996). A total 62 constituents were identified from the essential oil of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare, with the main constituents being caryophyllene, spathulenol, germacrene-D, and terpineol (Sahin et al. 2004). 

Yomogi alcohol, aitemlsia alcohol, davanone, lyratol + lyratyl acetate, chrysanthenol, carveol, carvone, dihydrocarvone, terpinene-4-ol, y-campholenol, myrtenol, p terpineol, 4-thujene-2-a-yl-acetate, carveyl acetate, fkcubebene, juniper camphor, thymol, P-terpenyl acetate, linalool Sabinene, germacrene D... 

Solanum. Recently, 17 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and two alcohols [germacrene D-4-ol, a-cadinol Fig. 7.4], altogether known compounds, have been identified in the leaf surface of 10 S. tuberosum L. (potato) varieties. The distribution turned out... 

Starting from (R)-carvone, the trienes 171 and 172 were prepared and RCM provided decalines 173 and 174, respectively (Scheme 1.29). Selective conversion of the secondary alcohols in 173 and 174 to the corresponding mesylates and Wharton fragmentation [39] led to (Z,Z)- and ( , Z)-germacratrienes 177 and 178. The more substituted germacrenes 179-182 were also prepared using this strategy [38]. 

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