Germ cell mutations

Ehling, U.H., Chu, E.H.Y., DeCarli, L., Evans, H.J., Hayashi, M., Lambert, B., Neubert, D., Thilly, W.G. and Vainio, H. (1986). Report 8. Assays for germ-cell mutations in mammals. In Long-term and Short-term Assays for Carcinogens. (Montesano, R., Bartsch, H., Vainio, H., Wilboum, J. and Yamasaki, H., Eds.). A Critical Appraisal. IARC Scientific Publications, No. 83, Lyon, pp. 245-265. 

Knudsen I, Hansen EV, Meyer AO, Poulsen E (1977) A proposed method for the simultaneous detection of germ-cell mutations leading to foetal death (dominant lethality) and of malformations (male teratogenicity) in mammals. Mutat Res, 478 267-270. 

Ciranni, R. Adler, I.-D. (1991) Clastogenic effects of hydroquinone induction of chromosomal aberrations in mouse germ cells. Mutat. Res., 263, 223-229... 

Brewen, J.G.. Payne, H.S., Jones, K.P. Preston, R.J. (1975) Studies on chemically induced dominant lethality. I. The cytogenetic basis of MMS-induced dominant lethality in post-meiotic male germ cells. Mutat. Res., 33, 239-250... 

Sega, G.A. Molecular dosimetry of chemical mutagens. Measurement of molecular dose and ENA repair in mammalian germ cells. Mutat. Res. 38 317-326, 1976. 

Only germ cell mutations affect subsequent generations, 2, Most mutations are harmful, 3, Any increase in the mutation rate is by its nature difficult to detect, 4. Mild genetic effects are more numerous than severe effects, 5, Recessive mutations may remain in a population for hundreds of generations (Crow 1971a 22-23). 

Ashby J and Tinwell H (2001) Continuing ability of the rodent bone marrow micronucleus assay to act as a predictor of the possible germ cell. Mutation Research/Fun-damental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 478 211-213. 

Ehling UH. 1985. Dose-effect relationships of germ cell mutations in mice [Abstract]. MutatRes 147 279-327. 

Russo, A. (2000). In vivo cytogenetics Mammalian germ cells. Mutat Res 455, 167-189. 

A. Leonard and Gh. Deknudt, Persistence of chromosome rearrangements induced in male mice by X-irradiation of pre-meiotic germ cells. Mutation Res. 9, 127-133 (1970). 

Mouse visible or eleetrophoretie specifie-locus tests Assays for skeletal and cataract mutations Cytogenetic analy.sis and heritable translocation assays DNA damage and repair in rodent germ cells Dominant lethal assay... 

A mutagen is a chemical that can induce alterations in the DNA. Mutations occurring in germ cells are inheritable and may lead to genetic diseases. If mutations take place in somatic cells, carcinogenesis may be initiated. 

Waters MD, Stack HF, Jackson MA, et al. 1994. The performance of short-term tests in identifying potential germ cell mutagens A qualitative and quantitative analysis. Mutat Res 341 109-131. 

Genetic Effect of Radiation—Inheritable change, chiefly mutations, produced by the absorption of ionizing radiation by germ cells. Genetic effects have not been observed in any human population exposed at any dose level. 

Two existing mouse mutations have provided insight into the factors necessary for germ cell migration and proliferation. Mutations at either the dominant white spotting (W) or Steel (SI) locus affect three migratory... 

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