Geranic acid

Oxidations and reductions are amongst the most frequent in situ prechromato-graphic reactions they were exploited as early as 1953 by Miller and Kirchner [9]. They characterized citral as an aldehyde by oxidizing it to geranic acid and reducing it to geraniol. Further examples are listed in Table 10. 

Citral can also be obtained in a pure state by distilling a mixture of the calcium salt of geranic acid with calcium formate, according to the usual method tor the production of aldehydes. 

On oxidation by weak oxidising agents, citral yields geranic acid, CjjHjgOj on reduction it yields geraniol. 

Q-MG W-NG Long- short-range attraction of swarms QMP, ( )-citral 85, (Z)-citral 86, geraniol 87, nerolic acid 88, geranic acid 89 [146]... 

Example (t) Citral reacts with 30% H202 in the presence of UV-light for a duration 10 minutes and undergoes catalytic oxidation to yield geranic acid as shown below ... 

Although a small amount of acyclic terpene acids such as geranic acid and citronel-lic acid occurs in many essential oils, often as esters, they are rarely used in perfume and flavor compositions. Methyl geranate is an intermediate in a-damascone synthesis and is sometimes needed in the reconstitution of essential oils. 

CioHnN, M, 151.25, bp2 110-111 °C, df 0.845-colorless liquid with a strong, lemon-like odor. The nitrile can be prepared from citronellal oxime in the same way as geranic acid nitrile. 

The utility of the reaction becomes more general by extension of the substrates to various oxygen-functionalized unsaturated acids, thereby producing substituted y- or 5-lactones of high enantiomeric purity (Scheme 17) (42). Geranic acid and homo-geranic acid have two olefinic... 

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