Geranic

Oxidations and reductions are amongst the most frequent in situ prechromato-graphic reactions they were exploited as early as 1953 by Miller and Kirchner [9]. They characterized citral as an aldehyde by oxidizing it to geranic acid and reducing it to geraniol. Further examples are listed in Table 10. 

Citral can also be obtained in a pure state by distilling a mixture of the calcium salt of geranic acid with calcium formate, according to the usual method tor the production of aldehydes. 

On oxidation by weak oxidising agents, citral yields geranic acid, CjjHjgOj on reduction it yields geraniol. 

Q-MG W-NG Long- short-range attraction of swarms QMP, ( )-citral 85, (Z)-citral 86, geraniol 87, nerolic acid 88, geranic acid 89 [146]... 

Example (t) Citral reacts with 30% H202 in the presence of UV-light for a duration 10 minutes and undergoes catalytic oxidation to yield geranic acid as shown below ... 

Chlorochroa sayi males produce a pheromone consisting primarily of methyl geranate, with trace amounts of methyl citronellate and methyl dihydrofarnesoate [107]. Methyl geranate is readily available in multigram quantities from fractional distillation of the commercially available mixture of methyl geranate and methyl nerate (J.G. Millar, unpublished data), or the two isomers can be separated chromatographically [107]. 

The first results of the batch hydrogenation of prenal and citral to geran-iol and nerol provided evidence for the use of aqueous biphasic catalysis to increase the selectivity of the conversion of the substrates the accumiilation of byproducts can be nearly suppressed by the fast extraction of the product from the catalyst phase. For this reason, the distribution of the product between extraction and catalyst phase had been studied in detail. 

Although a small amount of acyclic terpene acids such as geranic acid and citronel-lic acid occurs in many essential oils, often as esters, they are rarely used in perfume and flavor compositions. Methyl geranate is an intermediate in a-damascone synthesis and is sometimes needed in the reconstitution of essential oils. 

CioHnN, M, 151.25, bp2 110-111 °C, df 0.845-colorless liquid with a strong, lemon-like odor. The nitrile can be prepared from citronellal oxime in the same way as geranic acid nitrile. 

Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. C. nardus Rendle China Elemicin, cymbopogonol, citral, dipentene. Methylheptenone, beta-dihydropseudoionone, linalool, methylheptenol, alpha-terpineol, geraniol, nerol, famesol, caprylic, citrogellol, citronellal, decanal, famesal, isovaleric, geranic, citronellic.50 60 Treat blood in the urine, fever, antiseptic, preservative. 

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