Geomembranes, analysis

Rawal A, Sayeed MMA. Mechanical properties and damage analysis of jute/polypropylene hybrid nonwoven geotextiles. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 2013 37 54-60. 

Giroud, J. P. (1984), Analysis of stresses and elongation in geomembranes. In Proceedings of International Conference on Geomembranes, Vol. II. Industrial Fabrics Association International, St Paul, Minnesota, pp. 481—484. 

Shen, S.L., Chai, J.C., Hong, Z.S., et al. 2005. Analysis of field performance of embankments on soft clay deposit with and without PVD-improvement. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 23(6) 463-485. 

Finally, an important sub-field of polymer analysis in connection with HDPE geomembranes is the analysis of additives (Freitag 1989 Zweifel 2001). In most cases an extraction procedure (typically an extraction by dissolution followed by precipitation of the polymer and filtration) precedes the chemical, chromatographic, ultraviolet-spectroscopic or infrared-spectroscopic analysis. There have been also attempts to determine additives and their contents directly in the geomembranes, e.g. by pyrolysis using subsequent gas chromatographic and mass-spectrometric determination. 

The formulae and terms also apply when the permeation experiment is performed with the pure liquid chemical. The partition coefficient <7 must be replaced with solubility s. Since organic substances can be feirly extensively enriched in a thermoplastic geomembrane, it must be considered in the analysis of mass transport through geomembranes exposed to pure substances that the diffusion coefficient can depend greatly on the concentration as will be discussed later. 

Similar relationships apply for the description of the permeation of gases through geomembranes. However, some differences in quantities and imits used must be pointed out. A detailed analysis is presented in (Piringer 1993). The gas is not characterised by a concentration, but by its partial pressure p. Eq. 7.7 then is replaced by Henry s law, according to which concentration Ci of gas molecules dissolved in the geomembrane is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas outside the geomembrane. The proportionality factor is mainly called Henry s constant or gas solubility coefficient S ... 

Performance-Based Design Figure 8 illustrates the strain in the geomembrane for a landfill side-slope liner as predicted by the performance-based seismic design model described by Kavazanjian et al. (2012). While this model has yet to be fully validated, back analysis of the performance of the Chiquita Canyon Landfill in... 

Matasovic M, Kavazanjian E Jr, De A, Dunn RJ (2005) -CPT-based seismic stability assessment of a hazardous waste site. Int J Soil Dynam Earth Eng 26(2) 201-208 McCartney JS, Zomberg JG, Swan RH (2009) Analysis of a large database of GCL-Geomembrane interface shear strength results. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 134(2) 209-223... 

Chai, J.-C., Horpibulsuk, S., Shen, S.-L., Carter, J.P., 2014. Consolidation analysis of clayey deposits under vacuum pressure with horizontal drains. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 42, 437-444. 

Figure 17.8 Strains in a geomembrane based on an FEM analysis (Seeger and Muller, 1996).

Giroud, J.P., Badu-Tweneboah, K., Soderman, K.L., 1995. Theoretical analysis of geomembrane puncture. Geosynthetics International 2 (6), 1019—1048. 

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