Dynamic earth

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Typical boundary cable fixing details at Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh (photos John Chilton). 

Glazed roof lights at Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh, to allow the penetration of direct sunlight (a) general view (b) rooflight detail (photos John Chilton). 

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The dynamic bending moments of the stmcture responded in a similar way to the dynamic earth pressures. Large residual values are detected after each shake, as a result of cumulative strains during the shaking. 

Numerical results have proven that the existence of a structure may increase or reduce the dynamic earth pressnres developed on the wall. For that purpose, Figure 11 shows the height-wise distribution of the normalized induced earth pressures for systems with different wall flexibilities and base excitations. It can be observed that the existence of a strnctnre may rednce the dynamic earth pressures developed on the wall, especially when the structnre is close to the wall. This phenomenon may be attribnted to the impact of the strnctnre on the eigen-frequencies of the whole system. It is evident that the phenomenon is more intense in the case of the flexible wall. 

Moreover, Figure 12 presents the height-wise distribution of the normalized induced dynamic earth pressnres for the two ratios of soil and structure periods previously mentioned, when the strnctnre is located close to the wall. The observed height-wise stress distributions may be attribnted to the impact of the strncture on the eigen-frequencies of the whole system, and can be explained by the resnlts plotted in Figure 13, which shows the Pressure Amplification Factor (PAP) as a function of frequency which can be defined using the following expression ... 

Figure 12 Ricker pulse excitation Height-wise distribution of the normalized induced dynamic earth pressures for the two extreme cases of wall flexibility examined.

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