Genome structure

McKusick, V.A. (1997). Genomics structural and functional studies of genomes. Genomics 45 (2), 244-249. 

Lipkowitz MS et al Functional reconstitution, membrane targeting, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of a human urate transporter. J Clin Invest 2001 107 1103. 

Sosinsky A., Glusman G. and Lancet D. (2000). The genomic structure of human olfactory receptor genes. Genomics 70, 49-61. 

Gopalapillai, R., Kadono-Okuda, K., Tsuchida, K. et al. 2006. Lipophorin receptor of Bombyx mori cDNA cloning, genomic structure, alternative splicing, and isolation of a new isoform. J. Lipid Res., 47(5) 1005-1013. 

The genome structure of T4 is quite complex. The DNA is large, with a molecular weight of about 120 X 10, and is chemically distinct from cell DNA, having a unique base, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine instead of cytosine. The hydroxyl groups of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are... 

Bestor, T. (1990), DNA methylation evolution of a bacterial immune function into a regulator of gene expression and genome structure in higher eukaryotes , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 326 179- 187. 

Bahn A, Prawitt D, Buttler D, Reid G, Enklaar T, Wolff NA et al. Genomic structure and in vivo expression of the human organic anion transporter 1 (hOATl) gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 275 (2) 623-630. 

Toh S, Wada M, Uchiumi T, Inokuchi A, Makino Y, Horie Y et al. Genomic structure of the canalicular multispecific organic anion-transporter gene (MRP2/ cMOAT) and mutations in the ATP-bind-ing-cassette region in Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1999 64(3)739-746. 

Hsu LC, Chang WC, Yoshida A. Genomic structure of the human cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. Genomics 1989 5 857-865. 

Min B, Augustin L, Felsheim R, Fuchs J, Loh HH. Genomic structure and analysis of promoter sequence of a mouse mu opioid receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 91 9081-9085. 

FIGURE 14-5 Isoforms of the rat H3 receptor. The genomic structure of the receptor (top) shows four exons (boxes, E1-E4) and three introns (bp sizes are in parentheses). Peptide sequences that correspond to translated TM regions are labeled with roman numerals (I—VII). An alternatively spliced region (orange box) is depicted between the stop sequences. Six isoforms of the receptor (labels are on the left) result from alternative splicing. (Modified with permission from reference [2].)... 

P. R. Cook, Predicting three-dimensional genome structure from transcriptional activity. Nat. Genet. 32, 347-352 (2002). 

A. S. Belmont, Large-scale chromatin organization, in Genome Structure and Function, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1997, p. 261. 

Encio IJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD. (1991) The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 266, 7182-7188. 

Differences in genome structure from person to person are small. These small differences are as great or greater than the race-to-race differences in genome sfiucture. 

Taken together, these observations suggest that whatever the function of melanopsins they do not need to have a highly conserved protein structure, and in this respect differ markedly from the known photosensory opsins. Furthermore, the melanopsins do not share a conserved genomic structure with the photosensory opsins (Fig. 2), suggesting a different evolutionary lineage to the characterised photosensory opsins (Bellingham Foster 2002). 

Genomic structure Conserved (introns 1, 3 and 4) in the vertebrates and chordates No introns conserved with the known opsin families No introns conserved with the known opsin families... 

Minamoto T, Shimizu I 2002 A novel isoform of vertebrate ancient opsin in a smelt fish, Plemglossus altivelis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290 280—286 Miyashita Y, Moriya T, Yamada K et al 2001 The photoreceptor molecules in Xenopus tadpole tail fin, in which melanophores exist. Zoolog Sci 18 671—674 Moriya T, Miyashita Y, Arai J, Kusunoki S, Abe M, Asami K 1996 Light-sensitive response in melanophores of Xenopus laevis I. Spectral characteristics of melanophore response in isolated tail fin of Xenopus tadpole. J Exp Zool 276 11-18 Moutsaki P, Bellingham J, Soni BG, David-Gray ZK, Foster RG 2000 Sequence, genomic structure, and tissue expression of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) vertebrate ancient (VA) opsin. FEES Lett 473 316-322... 

Seki T, Tanaka T, Nakamura Y. Genomic structure and multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the thiopurine 5-methyltransferase (TPMT) gene. J Hum Genet 2000 45 299-302. 

Proteins exhibit dynamic properties whereas genes are static. Unlike genomic structures proteins are much more complex and, hence, difficult to study for the following reasons. 

Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya, O., Milatovich, A., Ozcelik, T., Yang, B., Koepnick, K., Francke, U., and Campbell, K.P., 1993, Human dystroglycan skeletal muscle cDNA, genomic structure, origin of tissue specific isoforms and chromosomal localization, Hum Mol Genet, 2, pp 1651—1657. 

Heiss NS, Poustka A. 1997. Genomic structure of a novel chloride channel gene, CLIC2, in Xq28. Genomics 45 224-8. 

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