Genetics human genome

SK Burley, SC Almo, JB Bonano, M Capel, MR Chance, T Gaasterland, D Lm, A Sail, EW Studier, S Swammathan. Structural genomics Beyond the human genome project. Nat Genet 23 151-157, 1999. 

The Human Genome Project is also vital to medicine. A number of human diseases have been traced to genetic defects, whose positions within the human genome have been identified. Among these are... 

Essential to the definition of Pharmacogenetics is the term genetic polymorphism. It is extrapolated that there are at least three million genetic polymorphisms in the human genome. Historically, a genetic polymorphism was defined as a genetic variation with a population frequency of 1% and above, but the larger inter-ethnic variation of population frequencies makes a strict definition based on such frequencies impractical. The most common molecular type of polymorphism is the... 

The promise of being able to predict and modify the genetic characteristics of an organism fuelled massive efforts to determine the base sequences of human genes. The human genome project has now reached the goal of sequencing all the important DNA carried by humans. 

DNA analysis has become an invaluable tool having very many practical applications that aim to open new frontiers in science. The sequencing of the human genome will provide information that could be applied to the study of genetic disorders as well as complications affecting the behaviour of humans at molecular level. 

Sarkar, S. (2001), Reductionism in genetics and the Human Genome Project , in R. Singh, C. Krimbas, D. B. Paul and J. Beatty (Eds), Thinking about Evolution Historical, Philosophical, and Political Perspectives, Vol. 2, pp. 235-252. 

Although molecular genetics was rapidly increasing in complexity at the time, the Human Genome Project (HGP) that was born in the late 1980s... 

Lloyd, E. A. (1994), Normality and variation The Human Genome Project and the ideal human type , in C. F. Cranor (Ed ), Are Genes Us The Social Consequences of the New Genetics, Rutgers University Press, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 99-112. 

Huttley GA, Smith MW, Carrington M, O Brien SJ. A scan for linkage disequilibrium across the human genome. Genetics 1999 152 1711-1722. 

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