Genetic engineering protoplast

One of the exciting features of the direct DNA delivery system is that it does not rely on an infection. The limited host range of other vector delivery systems is therefore irrelevant, and the way is opened for genetic engineering of cereals. Cereal protoplasts are equally amenable to uptake of foreign DNA after electroporation and the system therefore has potential for use with the major crop species. However, there is at present one drawback, namely that for cereals it has not yet proved possible to grow fertile whole plants from the genetically transformed cells. 

If the current S. cerevisiae strains do not exhibit pronounced strain-specific effects on wine flavor, is it possible to genetically improve them to produce desired aroma components Such improvement could be accomplished by utilizing classical hybridization, protoplast fusion, mutation/selection or genetic engineering techniques (70), presupposing that the characteristic(s) to be selected for is under the control of a single gene (59). 

Mori, M., et ah, Efficient production of human gamma interferon in tobacco protoplasts by genetically engineered brome mosaic vims RNAs. J Gen Virol, 1993 74 (Pt 7) 1255-1260. 

Protoplast fusion A technique of genetic engineering in which genetic material is combined by removing the cell walls of two different types of cells and allowing the resulting protoplasts to fuse. 

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