Genes ovalbumin

Figure 4.28 The steps involved in the maturation of eukaryotic mRNA, illustrated for the chicken ovalbumin gene. (From Voet and Voet, 2004. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley Sons., Inc.)...

Abbreviations IR inverted repeat DR direct repeat ER everted repeat NR no repeat . Numbers of the HREs give the number of pairs separating the half-sites. R purine, Y pyrimidine. NGFI Nerve growth factor induced receptor COLfP-TF Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor ROR Retinoic acid related orphan receptor, a, P und y are receptor subtypes coded by distinct genes. After Mangelsdorf et al., 1995. 

The ovalbumin gene, shown here, has introns A to G and exons 1 to 7 and L (L encodes a signal peptide sequence that targets the protein for export from the cell see Fig. 27-34). About three-quarters of the... 

Protein purification has a >200-year history the first attempts at isolating substances from plants having similar properties to egg albumen, or egg white, were reported in 1789 by Fourcroy. Many proteins from plants were purified in the nineteenth century, though most would not be considered pure by modern standards. A century later, ovalbumin was the first crystalline protein obtained (by Hofmeister in 1889). The year 1989 may not go down in history as a milestone in protein chemistry, but since then there has been a resurgence of interest in proteins after more than a decade of gene excitement. 

Nuclear receptors for the steroid hormone ecdysone in Drosophila deserve special consideration, for several reasons. First, the insect hormone ecdysone (Fig. 11.2) was the first steroid hormone shown to act at the level of the gene, because it induced puffs in the giant chromosomes of the fruitfly. Secondly, ecdysone activates the developmental programme of Drosophila, and, finally, the sequences of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the Drosophila nuclear ecdysone receptor and of receptor homologues (for example, the COUP-TFs chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors) are highly conserved and nearly identical in vertebrates and humans. 

The right template. Ovalhumin is the major protein of egg white. The chicken ovalbumin gene contains eight exons separated by seven introns. Should one use ovalbumin cDNA or ovalbumin genomic DNA to form the protein in E. 

Kwong AD, Frenkel N. 1985. The herpes simplex virus amplicon. IV. Efficient expression of a chimeric chicken ovalbumin gene amplified within defective virus genomes. Virology 142 421-25... 

FIGURE 3.32 The steps involved in the maturation of eukaryotic mRNA, illustrated for the chicken ovalbumin gene. 

Production of a large amount of a single type of protein by means of a prolonged mRNA lifetime is common in highly differentiated cells. For example, cells of the chicken oviduct, which makes ovalbumin (for egg white), contain only a single copy of the ovalbumin gene per haploid set of chromosomes, but the cellular mRNA is long lived. 

E5. Evans, M. L, Hager, L. J., and McKnight, C. S., A somatomedin-like peptide hormone is required during the estrogen-mediated induction of ovalbumin gene transcription. CeU 25, 187-193 (1981). 

Chambon P. (1978) Ovalbumin gene evidence for a leader sequence in mRNA and DNA sequences at the exon-intron boundaries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 75, 4853-4857. 

Several lines of evidence indicate that MHC class and allotype restriction is due to thymic selection of alfi complexes [52], Thus, in most cases neither the a chain alone nor the P chain (nor any Va or gene segment) is individually sufficient for the recognition of MHC class ([32,53-55] one exception is discussed in [56]) and allotype [35,57-59], However, individual a and p chains may recognize MHC molecules non-specifically, i.e. independently of class and type. Thus, the same a chain is shared by a/p TcR s specific for (1) pigeon cytochrome c and MHC class II Ek or Ek,b [37,58] (2) ovalbumin and MHC class II Ab [59] (3) an allotypic MHC class I Db [59],... 

---