Genes and Environment

among all the environmental factors that we are exposed to, may be particularly likely to interact specifically and selectively with the genetic properties of a given individual, as their potency pitches them into a narrow therapeutic window , precariously balanced between potent potions and perilous poisons. We would predict that, based on a patients innate, individual biological makeup -as it affects the interaction with a drug - one or the other of these properties may manifest itself this phenomenon is covered by the term pharmacogenetics. 

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Steven Rose I ll just say one thing. We have a problem in understanding and agreeing on what you mean by physical in this particular context. But if, in fact, you insist on genes and environment, you also insist on development and therefore you insist upon history, and therefore you ve reintroduced the problem which you ve pretended to dissolve. 

Schaffner, K. F., Gottesman, I. I.andTurkheimer, E.(2001), Genes and environments in molecular behavioral genetics , in preparation. 

Loehlin, J. C. (1992). Genes and environment in personality development. Newbury Park, CA Sage Publications. 

Eaves LJ, Silberg JL, Meyer JM, Maes HH, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Rntter M, Neale MC, Reynolds CA, Erikson MT, Heath AC, Loeber R, Trnett KR, Hewitt JK (1997) Genetics and developmental psychopathology. 2. The main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia Twin Stndy of Adolescent Behavioral Development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38 965-980... 

Leabman MK, Giacomini KM. Estimating the contribution of genes and environment to variation in renal drug clearance. Pharmacogenetics 2003 13 581-584. 

Cookson W. The alliance of genes and environment in asthma and allergy. Nature 1999 402(6760 suppl) B5-Bll. 

Tsuang M. 2000. Schizophrenia Genes and environment. Biol Psychiatry 47 210-220. 

Vesell, E.S. Pharmacogenetics multiple interactions between genes and environment as determinants of drug response. Amer. J. Med. 1979 66 183-187... 

Having made the basic observation that the pattern of correlation of pairs of relatives suggests a role both for genes and environment in variation in general intelligence, the next question is how strong these roles are. To answer this we need to briefly consider what are the appropriate quantitative genetic models. 

Individuality Depends on the Interplay Between Genes and Environment... 

What seems apparent from all these cases is that human sexuality is a good example of how genes, prenatal environment, and postnatal environment all contribute to behavior traits. As such, absolute genetic determinism of gender seems an untenable idea. Both genes and environment are involved—prenatal and postnatal environment—and how they re involved may differ in each case. 

Tsuang, M. (2000). Schizophrenia genes and environment. Biol. Psychiatry. 47 210—220. 

When physicians make a diagnosis, it s natural to focus on the patient and symptoms at the time of presentation. The doctor s knowledge of a patient s past is typically limited to major illnesses, allergies and family history. Yet clinical assessments could be much more meaningful if we understood the way that genes and environment interact to produce disease. 

Hegele RA. Genes and environment in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in aboriginal Canadians. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001 3 216-221. 

Assessment of gene and environment interactions has found that both maternal and newborn haplotypes of CYPlAl and CYPIBI appear to be important effect modifiers of MDI at 12, 24, and 36 months of age (Wang et al., 2008, 2010). Subsequent analysis has identified a potential relationship between maternal haplotypes of XRCCl and GSTM3, in addition to a maternal haplo-type of CYPIBI, maternal PAH exposure, and newborn cord blood adducts in African Americans (Iyer et al., 2014). This study also found interactions with maternal PAH exposure and newborn cord blood adducts with newborn CYP1A2 and XRCCl in African Americans,... 

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