Generic selection results

A preliminary modelling analysis involved the parametric study of a multi-tubular externally-cooled fixed-bed reactor for a generic selective oxidation process, where the catalyst load consisted of cylindrical honeycomb monoliths with washcoated square chaimels, made of highly conductive supports. In this early work, the attention was focused on the effect of catalyst design. Simulation results were generated by a steady-state, pseudo-continuous 2D monolithic reactor model, where the catalyst is regarded as a continuum consisting of a static, thermally connected solid phase... 

As to inter technique validation, comparison of measurement results obtained by methods based on different physico-chemical principles is shaky ground. For example, the generic extraction results for plasticisers from rubbers cfr. Chp. 6.2.4) are no validation for PyGC-MS, which is a selective procedure for the determination of a specific compound. 

In order to allow any multiple chlorination of the biphenyl skeleton, the user may define an atom list (eonsisting of hydrogen and chlorine atoms) and substitute all H-atoms by this list. One may click on the drop-down selection box behind the element icons, select the options Generics. .set the user-defined atom to A1 and quit by the OK button. As a result this atom selection is active for the subsequent drawing steps. After this atom list is drawn ten times as the ten substituents, its composition has to be defined by clicking the A, icon on the left-hand side of the structure editor and by selecting H and Cl in the periodic table (Figure 5-16). 

Rubacams is a computer aided materials selection routine for elastomeric materials. Covering 99 generic types of rubber, each material is cross referenced with over 190 chemical agents and materials property data including physical, chemical mechanical and process related properties. Search results... 

A classical Hansch approach and an artificial neural networks approach were applied to a training set of 32 substituted phenylpiperazines characterized by their affinity for the 5-HTiA-R and the generic arAR [91]. The study was aimed at evaluating the structural requirements for the 5-HTiA/ai selectivity. Each chemical structure was described by six physicochemical parameters and three indicator variables. As electronic descriptors, the field and resonance constants of Swain and Lupton were used. Furthermore, the vdW volumes were employed as steric parameters. The hydrophobic effects exerted by the ortho- and meta-substituents were measured by using the Hansch 7t-ortho and n-meta constants [91]. The resulting models provided a significant correlation of electronic, steric and hydro-phobic parameters with the biological affinities. Moreover, it was inferred that the... 

Additives are often used to increase selectivity. They are paramount in chiral separations, but they are also frequently used in non-chiral separations, e.g., cyclodextrins (CDs). In our lab, BGEs with and without a cyclodextrin are part of our generic protocol. Figure 8 demonstrates that although one can more or less predict interaction with the additive from the chemical structures, it is still difficult to predict separation.Batch-to-batch variability and variability between suppliers can be a problem of (chiral) additives and a check of different batches has to be part of the robustness test (e.g., reference 56). If the additive is charged and has one or more pK s around the pH of the BGE, extra care should be taken to control the pH. Alternatively, better robustness might be obtained with another uncharged additive, even if this results in lower resolution. 

The process hazard analysis can be a starting point for the selection of fire scenarios. The process hazard analysis can be reviewed to develop a list of scenarios that result in fire as a consequence. Generic release sizes for small, medium, and large releases have been proposed as shown in Table 5-1 (Spouge, 1999). This saves time by eliminating the need to develop a detailed scenario. The analyst can use these release sizes to perform fire modeling calculations and determine the impact by moving the release point locations. The release criteria are considered to be representative of scenarios that could reasonably be expected to occur. 

Figure 6.9 Generic five-state system for ultrafast efficient switching. The resonant two-state system of Figure 6.6 is extended by three target states for selective excitation. While the intermediate target state 4) is in exact two-photon resonance with the laser pulse, both outer target states 3) and 5) lie well outside the bandwidth of the two-photon spectrum. Therefore, these states are energetically inaccessible under weak-field excitation. Intense femtosecond laser pulses, however, utilize the resonant AC Stark effect to modify the energy landscape. As a result, new excitation pathways open up, enabling efficient population transfer to the outer target states as well.

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