Generally recognized as safe substances

Earlier versions of the Redbook focused on direct food additives and color additives used in food. The Redbook 2000 provides guidance for the safety assessment of food ingredients, including direct food additives, color additives used in food, generally recognized as safe substances, food contact substances and constituents, or impurities of any of the above. 

Glycerol esters of rosin are generally recognized as safe substances and approved by several FDA notifications as direct and indirect food additives. They are broadly used in manifold adhesive applications, such as pressure sensitive (PSA) tapes and labels, sealants in flooring and construction, lithographic ink resins, roadmarking resins, bookbinding, as well as other specialty applications. 

Health and Safety. The U.S. FDA has affirmed R%- and S(—)-maHc acid as substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as flavor enhancers, flavoring agents and adjuvants, and as pH control agents at levels ranging from 6.9% for hard candy to 0.7% for miscellaneous food uses (42). R%- and A(—)-maHc acid may not be used in baby foods. MaHc acid is also cleared to correct natural acid deficiencies in juice or wine (43). 

Health and Safety. The FDA affirmed (R-R, R -tartaric acid as a generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) food substance (88). 

Benzaldehyde is a synthetic flavoring substance, sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Dmg Administration (FDA) to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for foods (21 CFR 182.60). Both "pure almond extract" and "imitation almond extract" are offered for sale. Each contains 2.0—2.5 wt % benzaldehyde in an aqueous solution containing approximately one-third ethyl alcohol. 

FDA. 1998. Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR 184. 

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) materials/ substances, 11 571, 575 12 34, 35 21 578. See also GRAS affirmation process sodium silicate as, 22 468 Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) procedures, 11 49... 

GRAS affirmation process, 12 36. See also Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) substances... 

FDA publishes the first list of "Substances Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS), containing nearly 200 substances. 

Determination by the FDA that the substance is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) according to 21 CFR 182,184, and 186... 

The FDA does not require developmental and reproductive toxicity studies for food additives that are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) (3). The acronym unfortunately means fat in French. The FDA maintains an inventory of all GRAS substances (4). Manufacturers may submit GRAS requests for additional substances to the FDA. The inventory includes all GRAS notices and the FDA s reply, whether positive or negative. 

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