Generally recognized as safe flavors

Thaumatin has been approved as a sweetener in the European Union (E957), Israel, and Japan. In the USA, it is a Generally Recognized as Safe flavoring agent. (FEMA GRAS 3732). 

Martinez-Mayorga K, Peppard TL, Yongye AB, Santos R, Giulianotti M, Medina-Franco JL (2011) Characterization of a comprehensive flavor database. J Chemom 25 550-560 Medina-Franco JL, Martinez-Mayorga K, Peppard TL, Del Rio A (2012) Chemoinformatic analysis of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) flavor chemicals and natural products. 

Health and Safety. The U.S. FDA has affirmed R%- and S(—)-maHc acid as substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as flavor enhancers, flavoring agents and adjuvants, and as pH control agents at levels ranging from 6.9% for hard candy to 0.7% for miscellaneous food uses (42). R%- and A(—)-maHc acid may not be used in baby foods. MaHc acid is also cleared to correct natural acid deficiencies in juice or wine (43). 

Benzaldehyde is a synthetic flavoring substance, sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Dmg Administration (FDA) to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for foods (21 CFR 182.60). Both "pure almond extract" and "imitation almond extract" are offered for sale. Each contains 2.0—2.5 wt % benzaldehyde in an aqueous solution containing approximately one-third ethyl alcohol. 

Flavor. Dentifrices are used to refresh the oral cavity. Flavor oils and other flavoring materials are key to that function (see Flavors and spices). Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) flavors or flavors from approved lists are used. The most popular flavors are peppermint [8006-90-4], spearmint [8008-79-5], cinnamon [8006-79-9], and mixtures of these. Menthol is a principal constituent of the mint flavors and a source of refreshment and coolness. 

Generally recognized as safe status. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1996 (sect. 582.10) as a flavoring agent . 

Health and Safety. This material has a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status indicated by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association for use in flavors and by the Council of Europe for use as a flavor. Benzyl alcohol satisfies the most current guidelines published by (lie International Fragrance Association (IFRA) which governs the use of fragrance materials. 

Succinic acid is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. FDA (184) and is approved as a flavor enhancer, as a pH control agent in condiments, and for use in meat products. It causes irritation to the eyes (185), skin, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract. LD q in rat is 2260 mg/kg. Succinic acid, Kke most materials in powder form, can cause dust explosion. 

Ethyl acetate finds particular use as a flavor enhancer in foods and pharmaceuticals because of its fruity taste when diluted. It is included on the US Eood and Drug Administration s Generally Recognized As Safe list for use as a synthetic flavoring agent. Ethyl acetate is also approved for use as an indirect food additive in certain packaging materials. 

The monoterpene rf-limonene, widely used as a flavor and fragrant agent, is in the list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food by the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60 in the Code of Federal Regulations). However, recently, rf-limonene has been shown to cause some toxicity effects (Table 5.13). 

---