Generalized Correlations for Liquids

For the liquid phases, the compressibilities are most commonly computed using the generalized correlations for liquids and analytical equations of state. Reid et alP describe in detail the various correlations available for the computation of liquid phase densities for pure components, with the modified Rackett equation being the most popular. For mixtures, the use of an analytical equation of state is most preferable with cubic equations of state being the favourite type of equation of state. 

Leung, J. C. and Grolmes, M. A., A Generalized Correlation for Flashing Choked Flow of Initially Subcooled Liquid, AIChEJ, 34 (4), 688-691, April 1988. 

Katto Y (1978) A generalized correlation for critical heat flux for the forced convection boihng in vertical uniformly heated round tubes. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 21 1527-1542 Khrustalev D, Faghri A (1996) Fluid flow effect in evaporation from liquid-vapor meniscus. ASME J Heat Mass Transfer 118 725-747... 

Chao, K. C. and SEADER, J. D. (1961) AIChEJl 7, 598. A generalized correlation for vapor-liquid equilibria in hydrocarbon mixtures. 

Guemeri, S. A, and R. D. Tatty, 1956, A Study of Heat Transfer to Organic Liquids in Single Tube Natural Circulation Vertical Tube Boilers, AIChE Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 52(18) 69—77. (4) Gungor, K. E., and R. H. S. Winterton, 1986, A General Correlation for Flow Boiling in Tubes and Annuli, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 29(3) 351—358. (4)... 

Fig. 7. Generalized correlation for drops falling through low-viscosity liquids (HIO) (Courtesy A.I.Ch.E. Journal).

Comparison of n values with solubility parameters for the various liquids and fluids, calculated as described by Giddings and coworkers (10), shows a general correlation for the less polar solvents. Ammonia and the polar liquid solvents diverge from this correlation, suggesting the operation of specific interactions which contribute to the greater magnitude of the shifts observed for ammoni a. 

This relationship indicates that the Sherwood number takes the value 2 for Ap 0, as is the case in natural convection. A generalized correlation for mass and heat transfer coefficients is recommended by Calderbank and Moo-Young (1961). This correlation relates the mass-transfer coefficient to the power per unit volume and Schmidt number. The relationship is mainly applicable to low-viscosity liquids. 

Figure 3.17 Generalized density correlation for liquids. (Bated on A. L Lydersen, R. A Greenkom, and O. A Hougen, Generalized Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Fluids, Univ. Wisconsin, Eng. Expt. Sta. Rept. 4, 1955.)...

A practical eluotropic series of solvents, based on the expended solubility parameter concept, was reported. This series was defined based on partial specific solubility parameter (5 ) that is equal to the sum of Keeson (5q) and acid-base (2 a b)> which represents the contribution to interaction forces introduced to characterize the solute, the mobile, and the stationary phase in liquid-solid chromatography. Exactly the same two interaction forces define e° and, consequently, there should exist a direct relation between e° and s = o+2 a b- Unfortunately, the general correlation for all the solvents on alumina is poor (r =0.75). 

As bubble column hydrodynamics depends on the physicochemical properties of the gas-liquid system, a generalized correlation for ki, and a is not attempted. However, small-scale experiments with the system of interest will allow scale-up on the basis of equal superficial velocity of the gas. So the data in Fig. 23 or of specific experiments can be used, noting that kao, kiO, and a vary as (K2, D9). 

The principal disadvantage of the RKJZ method is the complex temperature dependence of and Qb. Although Haman et al. (13) provided a generalized correlation for Qat and fib, these quantities are not generalized in the form described here but are generated each time they are needed from liquid densities and vapor pressures. Various sources of liquid density and vapor pressure are used versions of the Riedel correlations (14,15) API 44 Antoine equations (16) petroleum fraction correlations and curve fits of experimental information. 

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