Dictyota menstrualis

That terpenoid metabolites can also be up-regulated in response to herbivory was demonstrated with the brown alga Dictyota menstrualis. The generalist amphipod Amphithoe longimana induced increased concentrations of the defensive diterpenes 65-67 in this alga, making it less palatable (Scheme 18). 

Scheme 18 Grazing-induced diterpenes from Dictyota menstrualis...

Cronin and Hay 1996a Dictyota menstrualis Dictyotales Herbivory Diterpenes... 

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an aqueous extract from a Philippine Islands collection of the soft coral Lohophytum spp. yielded cembranoid diterpenes, Fig. (3), which exhibited moderate HIV-inhibitory activity in a cell-based in vitro anti-HIV assay [44], while new isomalabaricane triterpenes. Fig. (4), have been isolated from the sponge Stelletta spp. [45]. Other anti-HIV diterpenes also included the dolabellane diterpenes isolated from the Brazilian brown algae Dictyota pfaffi [46] and Dictyota menstrualis [47]. To investigate the effect of these diterpenes in the reverse transcription of the viral genomic RNA, the recombinant HIV-1 RT was assayed in vitro in the presence of each compound. All compounds inhibited the RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT and consequently virus replication. 

Further, two diterpenes, named (6R)-6-hydroxydichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial (DTI) and (6R)-6-acetoxydichotoma-3,14-diene-l,17-dial (DT2), were isolated from the brown alga Dictyota menstrualis (Pereira et al, 2004). It has been reported that DTI and DT2 inhibited the virus replication with EC50 values of 40 and 70 pM, respectively, in addition to HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 10 and 35 pM. Another study... 

Pereira, H. S., Leao-Ferreira, L. R., Moussatche, N., Teixeira, V. L., Cavalcanti, D. N., Costa, L. J., Diaz, R., and Frugulhetti, I. C. P. P. (2004). Antiviral activity of diterpenes isolated from the Brazilian marine alga Dictyota menstrualis against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HFV-l). Antiviral Res. 64,69-76. 

Pereira, H.S. et al. (2004) Antiviral activity of diterpenes isolated from the Brazilian marine alga Dictyota menstrualis against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antivir. Res. 64, 69-76... 

Both diterpenes isolated from Dictyota menstrualis are reverse transcriptase inhibitors of HIV-1 (Pereira et al., 2004, 2005). 

Teixeira, V.L., Cavalcanti, D.N., and Pereira, R.C. (2001) Chemotaxonomic study of the diterpenes from the brown alga Dictyota menstrualis. Biochem. Syst. Ecol, 29, 313-316. 

Albuquerque, IRL Queiroz, KCS Alves, LG Santos, EA Leite, EL Rocha, HAO. Heterofucans from Dictyota menstrualis have anticoagulant activity. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2004, 37, 167-171. 

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