Glass fibers general-purpose

Figure 4.41 Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Celanese Celanex general purpose glass fiber reinforced PBT resins [3].

The first commercial general-purpose glass fiber was described in 1943. This E-glass variant (Table V) [20] [34] contained -10% boron oxide and had excellent processability, low electrical conductivity (hence the name E-glass), excellent water durability, good mechanical... 

Table I. Composition of commercial general purpose glass fibers...

Table II. Physical properties of commercial general purpose glass fibers [3] [4] Property Test method Unit...

The electrical properties of both general purpose glass fibers are comparable (see Table III). The refractive index is a property of considerable importance with regard to the appearance of a glass fiber in a laminate or composite. Electrical properties and the coefficient of linear expansion of borosilicate and boron-free E-glass were measured on bulk annealed samples. The differences in test results between both fibers are considered to be insignificant [4]. 

Nylons Molded, Extruded Type 6 General purpose Glass fiber (30%) reinforced Cast Flexible copolymers Self extinguishing Slow burn Self extinguishing Slow burn, 0.6... 

Nylon General purpose Glass fiber (30%) reinforced Self extinguishing Slow burn... 

KR 2403 G2, KR 2403 G4, KR 2403 G6 - general purpose, glass fiber reinforced (10,20,30%, respectively) (electrical parts in contact with water)... 

Figure 6.68 Flexural stress amplitude versus cycles to failure of several DuPont Engineering Polymers Rynite 500 series general-purpose, glass fiber-reinforced PET plastics [16]. 

An entire chapter, Chapter 6, is devoted to general and special purpose glass fibers derived from strong silica and silicate melts. Two excellent reviews of commercial general-purpose fibers [30-31] are also available. 

Polymides Glass Reinforced Standard Epoxies General Purpose Glass Cloth Laminate Diallyl Phthalates Molded Glass Fiber Filled Diallyl Phthalates Molded Dacron Filled 0.0034 0.004-0.006 0.004—0.015 (Dry) 0.004—0.016 (Dry)... 

Type General Purpose High-Impact 40% Talc 40% Glass Fiber... 

Type General Purpose High-Impact 30% Glass Fiber Chlorinated PVC... 

Typical concentration range glass fiber composites - 30-55 wt%, general purpose fillers - 20-40 wt%... 

An alternative to the use of antistatic additives is the incorporation of electrically conductive fillers or reinforcements into the polymer to make the whole structure conductive. Typical additives that are used for this purpose include aluminum, steel, or carbon powders, and metal-coated glass fibers or carbon fibers. Powdered fillers are generally less expensive than fibers. Maintaining the desired fiber distribution during processing is also problematic. 

For molded products, usually formed by compression or transfer molding, mineral or cellulose fibers are often used as low-cost general purpose fillers, and glass fiber fillers are often used for optimum strength or dimensional stability. 

Figure 4.90 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Rynite 545—general purpose, 45% glass fiber reinforced PET resin [7].

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