General Conclusions and Future Directions

Kalow, W., and A.G. Motulsky, "General Conclusions and Future directions," In Kalow W., Meyer U.A., Tyndale R.F., Pharmacogenomics, New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 389-395 (2001). 

Within the following sections we will discuss fundamental aspects of nanoparticle processing including the most important steps of characterization, particle formation, stabilization and post processing to end up with some general conclusions for a future process design. As model materials we use technically relevant semiconductor nanoparticles, so-called quantum dots (QDs) with direct band gap (ZnO, manganese doped ZnS and PbS(e)) and silver nanowires which have been proven to be excellent transparent electrodes for thin film solar cells [27]. 

Table 10.32 is a shortlist of the characteristics of the ideal polymer/additive analysis technique. It is hoped that the ideal method of the future will be a reliable, cost-effective, qualitative and quantitative, in-polymer additive analysis technique. It may be useful to briefly compare the two general approaches to additive analysis, namely conventional and in-polymer methods. The classical methods range from inexpensive to expensive in terms of equipment they are well established and subject to continuous evolution and their strengths and deficiencies are well documented. We stressed the hyphenated methods for qualitative analysis and the dissolution methods for quantitative analysis. Lattimer and Harris [130] concluded in 1989 that there was no clear advantage for direct analysis (of rubbers) over extract analysis. Despite many instrumental advances in the last decade, this conclusion still largely holds true today. Direct analysis is experimentally somewhat faster and easier, but tends to require greater interpretative difficulties. Direct analysis avoids such common extraction difficulties as ... 

Finally, the most important problem is whether one can draw any conclusions for the general three-dimensional problem. Can one, for example, in the absence of helicity transfer directly to the case of isotropic three-dimensional general turbulence the concepts of diamagnetism of a turbulent plasma and of temporary growth of fields with a simultaneous decrease of the scale. These concepts can be applied not only to an infinite medium, but also to situations with boundary conditions at finite distances. But this problem is only posed here—its solution is a matter for the future. 

It is generally assumed that electrons are transferred one by one (cases reported to be direct two-electron transfers 109 110 may actually be two very closely spaced one-electron transfers 11 ). This postulate immediately tells us that the first intermediate formed from a neutral substrate must be a cation radical in anodic oxidation and an anion radical in cathodic reduction and a neutral radical from oxidation of an organic anion and reduction of an organic cation. This has been amply verified both by electrochemical techniques and by ESR studies in inert SSE s 29,65) unfortunately, such results do not allow us to draw conclusions regarding the future reactions of these types of intermediates, as will be outlined in the following section. 

In conclusion, reformulation of optimization procedure for optimal location of dampers on elastoplastic structures which will be effective and efficient is desirable and could be the direction of future works. Other direction of future research works could be a more thorough examination of optimization results obtained for structures with dampers modelled using generalized rfieological models and ones with fractional derivatives. The influence of uneertainty of stmctures and dampers parameters on optimal positions and optimal parameters of dampers has not been analyzed yet and seems to be an important problem from a practieal point of view. 

---