Gene array chips

Levels of RNA (usually specific mRNAs) in a cell can be measured by well-established techniques such as Northern blot analysis or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. However, the recent advent of DNA microarray technology has converted the identification and measurement of specific mRNAs (or other RNAs if required) into a high-throughput process. DNA arrays are also termed oligonucleotide arrays , gene chip arrays or simply, chips . 

Gene Activity Profile Gene Array Gene Chip... 

If a commercial chip/array is used, then this should be referenced, and a Web link or reference to the genes and polymorphisms included on the chip/array should be included if available. 

S. Joo, M. Duhon, M. Heller, B. Wallace, and X. Xu, Dielectrophoretic Cell Separation and Gene Expression Profiling on Microelectronic Chip Arrays, Anal. Chem 2002, 74, 3362 D. Figeys and D. Pinto, Lab-on-a-Chip A Revolution in Biological and Medical Sciences, Anal. Chem 2000, 72, 330A C. H. Legge, Chemistry Under the Microscope—Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies, ... 

Optical gene chips dense arrays of oligonucleotides have been successfully applied to detect transcriptional profiling and SNP discovery, where massively parallel analysis is required. However, the fluorescence-based readout of these chips involves not only highly precise and expensive instrumentation but also sophisticated numerical algorithms to interpret the data, and therefore these methods have been commonly limited to use in research laboratories. In this way, thin-film arrays of 14, 20, 25, 48 and 64 electrodes have already been fabricated [12,15,39,40,44,48], using lithographic techniques. Readout systems for these arrays based on electrical detection have also been developed. 

Rosettes gene expression (Affymetrix Chip Arrays) ... 

Products/technologies Offers an automated combinatorial chemistry analysis system built around the HP 1100 Series HPLC, with the Gilson 233 XL sampling injector. Its GeneArray Scanner focuses a laser onto a 3-pm section of a 20-prn probe array on the Affymetrix chip and scans the chip in as little as 5 min. The company claims the GeneArray can read next-generation Gene-Chip probe arrays with up to 400,000 DNA probe sequences. 

---