Gene activation, functional

The observation of dependent variable values (in functional experiments this is cellular response) as they happen (i.e., as the agonist or antagonist binds to the receptor and as the cell responds) is referred to as real time. In contrast, a response chosen at a single point in time is referred to as stop-time experimentation. There are certain experimental formats that must utilize stop-time measurement of responses since the preparation is irreparably altered by the process of measuring response. For example, measurement of gene activation through reporter molecules necessitates lysis of the cell. Therefore, only one... 

The family of apelin peptides is derived from a single gene, activate a single G-protein-coupled receptor and are substrates for the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Apelins regulate cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis. The apelin receptor also functions as a co-receptor for infection of CD4-positive cells by human immunodeficiency vims ( HIV). 

Lacinova L, Klugbauer N, Hofmann F (2000) Low voltage activated calcium channels from genes to function. Gen Physiol Biophys 19 121-136... 

The following sections review the importance of macromolecular biosynthesis in neutrophil function, and describe how this gene activation is selectively up-regulated during priming with cytokines. 

By far, the most widely used application of the yeast two-hybrid system as intimated in Introduction is the identification of protein partners for a test protein of either known or unknown function. Here, the DNA encoding the test protein or the domain of a test protein is cloned in frame into the bait vector. The fish vector contains cDNA and it is constructed so that there is one cDNA molecule per vector. Fish and bait vectors are cotransformed into the appropriate strain of competent yeast, and the resultant transformed yeast cells are screened for growth on SD media and for reporter gene activities. Putative positive clones are then isolated and characterized further. In the next section, each of these stages is discussed in detail. 

Imaging condensation decondensation as a function of gene activity... 

Santisteban, M.S., Arents, G., Moudrianakis, E.N., and Smith, M.M. (1997) Histone octamer function in vivo mutations in the dimer-tetramer interfaces disrupt both gene activation and repression. EMBO J. 16, 2493-2506. 

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