Gender-related behavior

Postnatal psychosexual development is also affected by the fetal experience with testosterone. A measure of maternal testosterone during pregnancy, which correlates with fetal testosterone, is an indirect measure of fetal testosterone level. Measured in this way, a high fetal testosterone level predicts male-typical interests and behavior in adult female offspring at the age of 3.5 years. Fetal testosterone apparently controls later gender-related behavior.6 I ll say more about this later in the chapter. 

Hines, M. (2006). Prenatal testosterone and gender-related behavior. Eur. J. Endocrinol. i55 Sii5-Si2i. 

Moser, V. C., and Padilla, S. (1998). Age- and gender-related differences in the time cour.se of behavioral and biochemical effects produced by oral chiorpyrifos in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 149, 107-119. 

Austin, J. K., Dunn, D. W., and fluster, G. A. (2000). Childhood Epilepsy Asthma Changes in Behavior Problems Related to Gender and Change in Condition Severity. Epilepiu 41(5), 615-623. 

Research performed by Catalyst," a nonprofit research and advisory organization specializing in issues related to women and business, shows that men and women exhibit similar leadership styles, but that men do not face the persistent gender stereotyping that women business leaders ftequendy face. Men are still viewed as default leaders and women as atypical leaders, with the perception that women violate accepted norms of leadership, no matter what their leadership behavior. 

Many teachers equate student engagement and on-task behavior with classroom participation, typically a top concern for teachers. Researchers support teachers intuition of a difference in the participation style of the different genders. Whereas girls are more likely to participate as part of the relational responsibility they feel toward the teacher, boys tend to respond more often if they feel the class is interesting and less often if the class is perceived as boring—indicating that for these students, teachers may be equally responsible for the participation level and learning. 

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