Gastric secretory effects

Because of the premature infent s small body mass and less mature cardiovascular and cerebrovascular status, prudence dictates using the lowest concentration yet the most effective combination of mydriatics for pupillary dilation. A combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% to 1.0% tropicamide provides sufficient mydriasis without adverse cardiovascular effects in preterm infents.The use of tropicamide alone, however, does not generally produce a sufficient mydriasis in premature infants. Adding cyclopentolate to the tropicamide regimen improves mydriasis but may contribute to elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Moreover, because of possible gastric secretory inhibition in preterm infants, the concentration of cyclopentolate should be limited to 0.25%. A commercially available combination of 1% phenylephrine and... 

Waterfall, W.E. Spontaneous decrease in gastric secretory response to humoral stimuli. Br. Med. J. 1969, 4, 459-461. Tomlin, J. Read, N.W. Comparison of the effects on colonic function caused by feeding rice bran and wheat bran. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1988, 42 (10), 857-861. 

Jenkins C, Frazier D, Blackford J et al 1992a Duration of anti-secretory effects of omeprazole in horses with chronic gastric cannulae. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 13 89-92... 

Injection of large doses of parathyroid extract (1000 units in 24 hours) increased gastric secretory volume and total pepsin in normal subjects (D8). This effect was not observed in rats (B8). It is believed tiiat (he rise in gastric secretion is due to hypercalcemia (L4) although parathyroidectomy in man does not consistently lower it (D7). 

Another urogastrone material, prepared from human pregnancy urine, has been studied for a number of years by a group at the University of Milan. The most active fraction appears to be a glycoprotein with little or no gonadotropic activity it reduces gastric secretory volume and acid concentration, but has no effect on pepsin concentration in rats. ... 

Friedman MHF, Recknagel RO, Sandweiss DJ, et al. Inhibitory effect of urine extracts on gastric secretion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 41 509-511, 1939 Friedman MHF, Sandweiss DJ. The gastric secretory depressant in urine. AmJ Dig Dis 8 366-371, 1941. 

Atkinson AJ, Ivy AC. The action of histaminase on the gastric secretory response to histamine and to a meal. Am JPhysiol 107 168-169, 1934 Atkinson AJ, Ivy AC, Bass V. The effect of histaminase on the gastric secretory response to histamine. Am J Physiol 132 51-56, 1941. 

Lin TM, Ivy AC, Karvinen E, et al. Effect of an histamine inhibitor (aminoguani-dine) on gastric secretory response to exogenous histamine. Am J Physiol 186 231 -237,1956 Ivy AC, Liepens KW. Effect of derivatives and inhibitors of histamine metabolism on gastric stcxeXxon. Am J Physiol 195 521-524, 1958. 

Sen RN, Anand BK. Effect of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus on gastric secretory activity and ulceration. Indian J Med Res 45 507-513, 1957. 

Zukowski CF, Lee HM, Hume DM. The effect of hypothalamic stimulation on gastric secretion and adrenal function in dogs. J Surg Res 3 301-306, 1963. See also Smith GP, McHugh PR. Gastric secretory response to amygdaloid or hypothalamic stimulation in monkeys. Am J Physiol 213 640-644, 1967. 

Successful treatment of acid-related diseases is significantly correlated with suppression of 24-h gastric acid secretion [28-30]. Three key parameters which determine the effect of treatment with antisecretory drugs have been identified through a series of meta-analyses of pharmacodynamic gastric secretory studies and clinical therapeutic trials the degree of suppression of acid secretion, the duration of acid suppression over the 24-h period and the length of therapy in weeks [28-30]. 

Expectorants enhance the production of respiratory tract fluid and thus faciUtate the mobilisation and discharge of bronchial secretions. Historically, expectorants have been divided iato two classes based on specific mechanisms of action. Stimulant expectorants iacrease respiratory tract secretion by a direct effect on the bronchial secretory cells. Sedative expectorants act by gastric reflex stimulation. Many compounds classed as expectorants have been iaadequately studied and the mechanisms of action are not known with certainty. 

P. Hyman. E. Feldman, and M. Ament, Effect of external feeding on the maintenance of gastric acid secretory function, Gastroenterology, 84, 341 (1983). 

Mechanism of Action A quaternary anticholinergic that inhibits action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and CNS. Therapeutic Effect Reduces salivation and excessive secretions of respiratory tract reduces gastric secretions and acidity. 

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