Gastric cardia

Cocco P, Ward MH, Dosemeci M Occupational risk factors for cancer of the gastric cardia. J Occup Environ Med 40(10) 855-86f, 1998... 

Ratnasinghe D, Tangrea JA, Roth MJ, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and corpus. Oncol Rep 1999 6 965-968. 

GAO 12 Terry, P., ]. Lagergren, A. Wolk, and O. Nyren. Reflux-inducing dietary factors, and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, and gastric cardia. Nutr Cancer 2000 38(2) 186-191. 

Watt, I., Stewart, L, Anderson, D. Laparoscopy, ultrasound, and computed tomography in cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia a prospective comparison for detecting intra-abdominal metastases. Brit. 

Vomiting—Contraction of the abdominal muscles, descent of the diaphragm, and opening of the gastric cardia resulting in expulsion of stomach contents from the mouth. 

Jeon, J., Luebeck, E. G., and Moolgavkar, S. H. (2006). Age effects and temporal trends in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia (United States). Cancer Causes Control 17, 971-981. 

IHC is not reliable for distinguishing Barrett esophagus from intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia. 

Weiss MM, Kuipers EJ, Hermsen MA, et al. Barrett s adenocat-cinomas resemble adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia in terms of chromosomal copy number changes, but relate to squamous cell carcinomas of the distal oesophagus with respect to the ptes-ence of high-level amplifications. J Pathol. 2003 199 157-165. 

Terry, P., Lagergren, J., Ye, W., Wolk, A., andNyren, O., Inverse association between intake of cereal fiber and risk of gastric cardia cancer. Gastroenterology, 120, 387-391, 2001. 

Hsia CC, Wu ZY, li YS, Zhang F, Sun ZT (2004) Nivalenol, a main Fusarium toxin in dietary foods from high-risk areas of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia in China, induced benign and malignant tumors in mice. Oncol Rep 12 449... 

Fig. 3.4. Normal gastric fundus and body. The gastroscope is retroverted, demonstrating the instrument emerging through the gastric cardia...

Tumours of both the proximal and most distal parts of the stomach may be difficult to delineate using conventional helical CT, due to problems with partial volume effects in the gastric cardia (Fig. 6.1.13) and distal antrum, respectively. Placing the patient in either prone or lateral decubitus position may improve the resolution of proximal and distal gastric tumours. Further distension of the stomach with effervescent agents can also improve delineation of the tumour mass. 

Carcinoma of the gastric cardia may be difficult to visualize on CT because of the normal soft tissue thickening that occurs at the gastroesophageal junction. This is due to the reflections of the phrenoesophageal ligament and the attachments of the gastrohepatic ligament onto the adjacent lesser curvature. Full distension of the stomach helps to... 

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