Gasket, temperature sensors

The classic sensor consists of a housing, connector, NTC, heat-conducting material, and gasket. So far there is no standard in the automotive industry for temperature sensors. In the market we find an endless variety of threads, NTC curves, connectors or cable exit with connector, gasket materials, and housing materials. There are certain trends though (Tab. 7.5.2). In a market survey 35 temperature sensors used by European manufacturers for underhood applications... 

Fig. 7.5.11 Standard sensor with low response time and preassembled aluminum gasket for sensing oil and water temperature up to 170°C in engine and gearbox...

Fermenter contaminated[ [inoculum tank contaminated] /inoculum line con-taminated/procedure wrong/tank dirty/air leak/leak from the coil or jacket/faulty sensors/antifoam is not sterile/dirty gaskets, bottom valve, sample line and valve, vent line valve, vacuum breaker/nutrient feed tank or line not sterile/all lines wee not up to sterilization temperature/steam condensate left in lines/the humidity of the fermenter air upstream of the sterile filter is > 90%/pH and DO probes were not deaned between runs/probe holders were not brushed and deaned with a hypochlorite or formaldehyde solution/for a previously contaminated vessel the valves and gaskets were not replaced, instrument sensors were not removed and cleaned high boiling germicide, such as sodium carbonate or sodium phosphate was not used. 

A PEMFC uses a solid membrane that conducts protons as the electrolyte. Since it can start at ambient temperatures instantly, it is ideal for backup, portable, and motive power applications. The most important technologies concern the stack (like the heart of a human being) and the system controls (like the brain of a human being). The key components in a stack include the catalyst, PEM, GDM, plates, and gasket, while the controls include the operation algorithm, software, and electronic circuits. A fuel cell also needs various auxiliary components such as fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, heat exchangers, humidifiers, converters, valves, sensors, and batteries to work. A fuel cell system involves multidisciplinary skills and knowledge, and therefore it requires a team effort to develop. 

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