Gases disruptive potential

All of these chemicals pose an inhalation hazard but a toxic dose could also be obtained through skin absorption or ingestion. Factors that were considered when selecting potential candidate chemicals include global production, physical state of the material (i.e., gas, liquid, or solid), chemicals likely to cause major morbidity or mortality, potential to cause public panic and social disruption, chemicals that require special action for public health preparedness, history of previous use by the military, and/or involvement in a significant industrial accident. 

Even though subsequent development of visible injury may be as much a property of basic plant metabolism (44), it is necessary that stomata be open during exposure to the gas (42, 43) in order for leaves otherwise potentially ozone-sensitive to manifest injury symptoms. Thus, after the primary tissue barrier to gaseous exchange is traversed, the second barrier is the plasma membrane. Recent work has shown that ozonation can disrupt ion and water flux at the plasma membrane (45, 46), While membrane functional disturbance need not be indiscriminate (25, 46), the cited work supports the suggestion that cellular membranes represent a principal locus of ozone action (10, 39, 47, 48),... 

The determination of the necessary gas storage capacity is based upon the approach of primarily using the storage as security of supply in case of disruption of the gas imports from Russia. Secondarily, the gas storage could potentially be used for both security of supply and for seasonal load balancing to match peak gas demand in extreme situations caused by several days of extremely low temperatures. But there is less need for seasonal storage because there is surplus capacity in the import pipelines and the transmission system to handle today s gas consumption as well as the gas demand projected in 2020 and in fact beyond that point. 

Further, neurophysiological abnormalities, namely a reduction of slow afterhyperploarization (AHPs) evoked by trains of action potentials in the hippocampus of PrP null mice, including disrupted Ga +-activated K+ currents and abnormal intrinsic properties of GAl pyramidal cells, have been reported (Colling et al, 1995 Colling et al,... 

While no firm underlying mechanisms have been demonstrated, some authors have suggested that irreversible oxidation of the cobalt atom in vitamin B12 by nitrous oxide can lead to inactivation of enzymes dependent on this vitamin, with resultant metabolic aberrations. Such examples have included methionine synthetase and thymidylate synthetase, which are essential in the synthetic pathways leading to the production of myelin and thymidine, respectively. Should these enzymes be impaired during the sensitive periods of in utero development, the potential for malformations may unfortunately be realized. To date, no studies have been able to demonstrate conclusively that low-level exposure to nitrous oxide is associated with a meaningful disruption of crucial metabolic functions to produce the above-described toxicity however, measures including improved waste gas-scavenging systems should be taken to minimize exposure of personnel. 

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