Gas injection system

The mixture requires a certain water content in order to fall on the curves shown in figures 5.1 and 5.2. If the water content is reduced below this level, then the hydrate temperature, at a given pressure, is reduced. Reducing the water content is a common method for combating hydrate formation in acid gas injection systems. 

Hendrick, C., V. Hernandez, M. Hlavinka, and G. McIntyre. 2009. An analysis of hydrate conditions in acid gas injection systems. First International Acid Gas Injection Symposium, Calgary, AB. 

As shown in several studies, optimal performance of the ENA approach requires not only an optimal timing of the gas injection system but also an optimal arrangement of the injection wells in the aquifer. For this purpose, Salanitro et al. [15] as well as Smith et al. [44] used an array of injection wells arranged in two to four rows. The injection wells were installed at two different depths depending on the geological structure of the aquifer. In addition. Smith et al. [44] optimized the horizontal and vertical positions of the gas injection points according to the MTBE concentrations in the aquifer. 

To extinguish a sodium fire in the secondary circuit, a nitrogen gas injection system... 

As means used for fire fighting, let us note the existence of a carbon dioxide injection system with enough capacity to completely fill the larger rooms. Gas injection systems are also provided in the electric cabinets. 

By applying the dimension reduction procedure indicated above we are able to limit the number of states to a manageable size. At the system level we then obtain the steady state probabilities and hence system regularity by standard Markov methods. The model has been applied in relation to oil production where reservoir characteristics have to be included in the model. For example for a gas injection system a degraded performance (e.g., 66.67% injection capacity) may have no immediate effect on oil production. This is due to the fact that produced gas is sent to flare for a shorter period of time without affecting the reservoir performance. Due to environmental restriction imlimited flaring is not acceptable, hence after a period of some hours production has to be reduced... 

When the sensor is placed higher along the cone (foreseeable location for the various electronic / electric and gas injection systems), traces of hydrogen appear several seconds after the end of filling even thou firing was not initiated. 

Gas injection systems. The essence of these systems (associated primarily with Cinpres and with Battenfeld) is that the gas is localized, more or less down the middle of the section of the moulding, and not dispersed throughout the material. The high stiffness/weight ratio and good surface finish are retained, with the potential functional advantage of a central cavity. 

The hydrodynamic properties such as phase holdup for reaction systems that actually generate gas (e.g., bioreaction, Buffiere et al., 1998) and consume gas (e.g., methanol synthesis. Fan, 1989) are different from those obtained from gas injected systems. The gas holdup in the case of the bioreaction system was found to be higher than that in the gas injected system at the same gas flow rate, owing to small bubbles generated in the bioreaction system (Buffiere et al., 1998). 

Figure 11.4 Schematic diagram of gas injection system for foaming.

The diffusivity of gases in liquids plays a role in gas injecting systems, when displacing an oil phase or expanding the oil by gas dissolution. In Figure 7.7, the amount of CO2 entering crude oil is depicted as a function of time. 

In order to compare the experimental results for dual nozzle gas injection system, the two nozzles are removed, and subsequently gas is injected through a single-hole nozzle of inner diameter of 2.0 x 10 m. The center of the nozzle exit is placed at the origin of the coordinate system. The air flow rate is set to 80 x 10 m /s, being equal to the sum of ggi and 0g2. The center of the nozzle is placed at the vertical axis of the vessel. Bubble characteristics represented by gas holdup a, bubble frequency /b, mean bubble rising velocity b, and mean bubble chord length Lb are measured by making use of a two-needle electroresistivity probe [23,37]. 

The M distribution in the y direction can also be calculated from (3.36) by replacing X by y. The measured value of u for the single nozzle gas injection is slightly larger than that for the dual nozzle gas injection, but the data for the two gas injection systems become equal at a farther axial position, although the evidence is not shown here. 

The measured values for the two gas injection systems agree with each other everywhere in the bubbling jet. They are also predicted satisfactorily by (3.37) in the inner region of the bubbling jets. 

On the other hand, the rms values of the horizontal turbulence component, v rms, for the two types of gas injection systems considered are the same at an axial position much nearer the nozzle (z << H ). Such a difference in the axial and horizontal... 

The reference MSFR is a 3-GWth reactor with a total fuel salt volume of 18 operated at a maximum fuel salt temperature of 750°C (Mathieu et al., 2009 Merle-Lucotte et al., 2012). The system includes three circuits the fuel circuit, the intermediate circuit, and the power conversion circuit. The fuel circuit, defined as the circuit containing the fuel salt during power generation, includes the core cavity, the inlet and outlet pipes, a gas injection system, salt-bubble separators, pumps, and fuel heat exchangers. 

The WPC pellets were processed in a single-screw, three-zone extruder with a gas injection system [9], The barrel temperature was maintained below 150°C, to suppress the volatile generation. A static mixer, a heat exchanger and a filament die (L/D 0.7/0.038) were attached to the barrel exit. Their temperatures were set at 150°C, 150°C and 150°C, respectively. The die temperature was reduced at an interval of 5°C, from 150°C to the lower temperatures, to prevent gas loss and ensure the formation of the cellular structure in the extruded filament. The processing conditions were the same for both CO2 and N2 except for their contents varied. 

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