Gas exchange reactions

Equilibria Calculations for Gas Exchange Reactions (a) Reaction of metal with H20(g) to form oxide and H2(g) pressure ratio tabulated... 

The above mentioned considerations indicate that for an understanding of metabolic gas exchange reactions a thorough knowledge is required for both, the chemistry of the process and the function and structure of the special reaction vessel developed for its realization. 

Clusters of the composition Ar Nj with m up to 15 were produced by electron-impact ionization of Ar N2 clusters which were formed by the cluster-gas exchange reaction Ar + i N2 Ar N2 Ar under single collision conditions [38]. The formation of the clusters Ar Ns with m up to 9 was observed in gaseous mixtures of some Torr of argon with 10" Torr of nitrogen which were subsequently ionized by a pulsed 2-keV electron beam [27]. Clusters of the composition Ar U n with 3electron impact on the equivalent neutral clusters produced by supersonic expansion of 25% N2 in Ar [25]. The intensity drop in the mass spectrum for the cluster ions Ar N with m>12, which agreed with the observations reported in [25], was interpreted by the formation of a stable shell of 12 argon atoms around the central Nj ion [38]. 

The Nemst equation above for the dependence of the equilibrium potential of redox electrodes on the activity of solution species is also valid for uncharged species in the gas phase that take part in electron exchange reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. For the specific equilibrium process involved in the reduction of chlorine ... 

Singh, U.C., Kollman, P.A. A combined ab initio quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical method for carrying out simulations on complex molecular systems Applications to the CH3CI 4- Cl exchange reaction and gas phase protonation of polyethers. J. Comput. Chem. 7 (1986) 718-730. 

Singh U C and P A Kollman 1986. A Combined Ab Initio Quantum Mechanical and Molecule Mechanical Method for Carrying out Simulations on Complex Molecular Systems Applicatior to the CHsQ + Cr Exchange Reaction and Gas Phase Protonation of Polyethers. Journal Computational Chemistry 7 718-730. 

Fig. 16. PES of the collinear exchange reaction AB + A - A + BA in the case mg m. The asterisk indicates the saddle point. One of possible realizations of a cutting-corner trajectory is shown. The unbound initial state corresponds to gas-phase reactions.

The production of tritium-labelled organic compounds was enormously facilitated by K. E. Wilz-bach s discovery in 1956 that tritium could be introduced merely by storing a compound under tritium gas for a few days or weeks the radiation induces exchange reactions between the hydrogen atoms in the compound and the tritium gas. The excess of gas is recovered for further use and the tritiated compound is purified chro-matographically. Another widely used method of... 

Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange related to adverse reactions (eg, pulmonary edema)... 

Lipeles, Novick, and Tolk (63) bombarded Ar gas with He+ ions and observed the spectral line at 4764 A. The charge exchange reaction is therefore ... 

I., Using micro heat exchangers as diagnostic tool for the process optimization of a gas phase reaction, in Proceedings of the VDE World Microtechnologies Congress, MICRO.tec 2000,... 

Because of the inadequacies of the aforementioned models, a number of papers in the 1950s and 1960s developed alternative mathematical descriptions of fluidized beds that explicitly divided the reactor contents into two phases, a bubble phase and an emulsion or dense phase. The bubble or lean phase is presumed to be essentially free of solids so that little, if any, reaction occurs in this portion of the bed. Reaction takes place within the dense phase, where virtually all of the solid catalyst particles are found. This phase may also be referred to as a particulate phase, an interstitial phase, or an emulsion phase by various authors. Figure 12.19 is a schematic representation of two phase models of fluidized beds. Some models also define a cloud phase as the region of space surrounding the bubble that acts as a source and a sink for gas exchange with the bubble. 

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