Reactions charge exchange

Charge-exchange reaction. Synonymous with charge-transfer reaction. 

Lipeles, Novick, and Tolk (63) bombarded Ar gas with He+ ions and observed the spectral line at 4764 A. The charge exchange reaction is therefore ... 

Another type of charge exchange reaction proposed recently is (33) Reaction 71. 

Charge exchange reactions. The charge exchange reactions between Ar and Ar" " and between H2 and H are well known [325, 328] ... 

SiHa is much smaller than the total cross section of charge exchange reactions between and SiHa. 

To overcome this problem, we have modified a commercial ion gun to generate a diffuse fast-atom beam [116, 117]. The ion beam neutralizer shown in Figure 7 consists of a multi-hole metal plate through which the primary ions pass. The ions are neutralized by the ion/surface interactions that occur as the beam passes through the metal aperatures and by charge-exchange reactions that occur within the gun assembly. A repeller grid is used to remove the residual ions from the neutralized beam. 

Recent experiments determined the velocity state of the pionic hydrogen atom at the moment of the charge exchange reaction [23]. These results constrain the input parameters for the cascade calculations as well as the direct X-ray measurements from muonic hydrogen. The results of the cascade calculations can then be used to correct for the influence of the Doppler broadening. 

This molecular radical anion can also be produced by charge exchange reaction with 02 , itself produced in the source by electron capture of an oxygen molecule from the atmosphere. In this case, the electron affinity of the analyte must be higher than 0.45 eV, this value corresponding to the electron affinity of the O2 molecule ... 

This allows the ionization of neutrals with kiloelectronvolt kinetic energy that can either be formed through neutralization of an ion by a charge exchange reaction or be produced by a fragmentation. The acronyms NR are used for neutralization reionization and NfR for neutral fragment reionization [33-35],... 

Mitroy and coworkers [27] have discussed the use of negative ion beams to measure positron affinities of atoms. The idea is to pass a beam of atomic anions through a swarm of thermal positrons in order to make a positron compound by the charge exchange reaction ... 

Cosmic ray ionization of H leads to the formation of HD through a sequence of reactions. The resonant charge-exchange reaction, whose rate constant has been given (Watson et al. 1978)... 

NHj can also be formed by either charge exchange reactions with heavy atoms of low ionization potential, i.e. Fe, He, Ca, Na according to ... 

Neutralisation of CH can be achieved, — as in the case NH — by charge exchange reaction with low ionization metals, such as Fe, Ca, Mg, Na,... In dense clouds there is also the possibility of radiative association followed by dissociative electron recombination to reach neutral CH4. 

Pyrolysis reactions are undoubtedly occurring after combustion, and chemi-ionization may be occurring in addition to charge exchange reactions between primary ions, such as CsHs, and light hydrocarbons. Hence, the chemi-ion profile would not decay necessarily as it does in leaner combustion, where recombination begins to dominate ion formation. Instead, a different sequence of chemi-ion reactions may become important, with the precursor being C2, rather than CH. 

This is the direct-APPI approach, promoted by the group of Syage [66], In the observations and experimental setup of the group of Bruins [61], the direct-APPI process is not sufficiently efficient. Therefore, an easily ionizable compound, the dopant D, is added to the mobile phase or to the nebulizing gas to enhance the response. Toluene [61] or anisole [68] are frequently used as dopant. With a dopant, the APPI takes place via a charge-exchange reaction between the dopant molecular ion and the analyte molecule ... 

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