Gas chromatography-microwave-induced

Minganti V, Capelli R, Depellegrini R (1995) Evaluation of different derivatization methods for the multielement detection of Hg, Pb and Sn compounds by gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in environmental samples. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 351 (4-5) 471 77. 

Figure 4.2 Resolution of Me2Bu2Pb and Et3BuPb peaks for rain water taken from Sensitive speciation of lead in environmental waters by capillary gas-chromatography microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Lobinski and Adams, 1992).

De la Calle Guntinas et al. [769] volatilised selenium from natural water samples by reaction with sodium tetraethylborate and measured the volatilised selenium by gas chromatography microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The detection limit for a 5mL sample was 8ppt. 

J. Szpunar, V. O. Schmitt, J. L. Monod, Rapid speciation of butyltin compounds in sediments and biomaterials by capillary gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma atomic-emission spectrometry after microwave-assisted leaching-digestion, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 11 (1996), 193D199. 

ORGANOMERCURY DETERMINATIONS IN SEDIMENTS AND SEUDGE WITH HEADSPACE— GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY—MICROWAVE INDUCED... 

Rodriguez-Pereiro 1, Wasik a and Lobinski R (1997) Trace environmental speciation analysis for organometallic compounds by isothermal multicapillary gas chromatography-microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MC CC MIP AES. Anal Chem 42 799-808. 

Lansens, P., M. Leermakers, and W. Baeyens. 1991. Determination of methylmercury in hsh by headspace-gas chromatography with microwave-induced-plasma detection. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56 103-115. 

Lobinski et al. [72] optimized conditions for the comprehensive speciation of organotin compounds in soils and sediments. They used capillary gas chromatography coupled to helium microwave induced plasma emission spectrometry to determine mono-, di-, tri- and some tetraalkylated tin compounds. Ionic organotin compounds were extracted with pentane from the sample as the organotin-diethyldithiocarbamate complexes then converted to their pentabromo derivatives prior to gas chromatography. The absolute detection limit was 0.5pg as tin equivalent to 10-30pg kg-1. 

Other frequently used methods for determining fluoride include ion and gas chromatography [150,204,205] and aluminium monofluoride (AIF) molecular absorption spectrometry [206,207]. Less frequently employed methods include enzymatic [208], catalytic [209], polarographic [210] and voltammetric methods [211], helium microwave-induced [212] or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [213], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry [214], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry [215], radioactivation [216], proton-induced gamma emission [217], near-infrared spectroscopy [218] and neutron activation analysis [219]. 

I. Rodriguez Pereiro and A. Carro Diaz, Speciation of mercury, tin and lead compounds by gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma and atomic-emission detection (GC-MIP-AED), Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 312, 2002, 74-90. 

R. Rodil, A. M. Carro, R. A. Lorenzo, M. Abuin and R. Cela, Methyl-mercury determination in biological samples by derivatisation, solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 963(1-2), 2002, 313-323. 

Other techniques that have been used to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil extracts include ELISA field screening [86], micellar elec-tr okinetic capillary chromatography [ 87], supersonic jet laser-induced fluorescence [88,89], fluorescence quenching [90], thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [81,90,100], microwave-assisted extraction [91], thermal desorption [92], immunochemical methods [93,94], electrophoresis [96], thin layer chromatography [95], and pyrolysis gas chromatography [35]. 

Figure 4.1 GC-MIP interface taken from The optimisation of an atmospheric pressure helium microwave induced plasma coupled with capillary gas chromatography for the determination of alkyl-lead and alkyl-mercury compounds (Greenway and Barnett, 1989).

Kollotzek, D., Oechsle, D., Kaiser, G., Tschopel, R and Tolg, G. (1984) Application of a mixed gas microwave induced plasma to an on-line element-specific detector for high performance liquid chromatography. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 318, 485-489. 

Pereiro, I.R., Schmitt, V.O. and Lobinski, R. (1997) Elemental speciation analysis by multi capillary gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic spectrometric detection. Anal. Client., 122, 1057-1061. 

Figure 6.1 Bar-graph of MeHg in CRM 580. The results correspond to six replicate determinations as performed by different laboratories using various methods. MEANS indicates the mean of laboratory means with 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations-. CVAAS, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry CVAFS, cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry ECD, electron capture detection GC, gas chromatography HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry MIP, microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry QFAAS, quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry SFE, supercritical fluid extraction.

Bulska, E., Emteborg, H., Baxter, D.C., Freeh, W., Elligsen, D. and Thomassen, Y. (1992) Speciation of mercury in human whole blood by capillary gas chromatography with a microwave-induced plasma emission detector system following complexometric extraction and butylation. Analyst, 117, 657-663. 

Lobinski, R., Dirkx, W.M.R., Ceulemans, M. and Adams, F.C. (1992) Optimization of comprehensive speciation of organotin compounds in environmental samples by capillary gas chromatography helium microwave-induced plasma emission spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 64, 159-165. 

Mohamad AH, Zerezghi M, Caruso JA. 1986. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins using capillary gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma detection. Anal Chem 58 469-471. 

J. Brill, B. Narayanan, et al., Selective determination of organofluo-rine compounds by capillary column gas chromatography with an atmospheric pressure helium microwave-induced plasma detector, HRC CC J. High Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun., 11 368-374(1988). 

Chiba et al. [749] used atmospheric pressure helium microwave induced plasma emission spectrometry with the cold vapour generation technique combined with gas chromatography for the determination of methylmercuiy chloride, ethylmercury chloride and dimethylmercury in sea water following a 500-fold preconcentration using a benzene- cysteine extraction technique. 

Figure 19 Helium microwave induced plasma (M1P) torch used in MIP mass spectrometry (MIP-MS) sampling for capillary gas chromatography (GC) detection. (From Ref. 110.)...

H. E. L. Palmieri, L. V. Leonel, Determination of methylmercury in t>sh tissue by gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry after derivatization with sodium tetraphenylborate, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 366 (2000), 466 D 469. 

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