Galium rubiaceae

Ten iridoids Iridoid glucosides Genus Galium (Rubiaceae) Analytical RPC 233 nm 105... 

Morinda citrifolia, Rheum palmatum (Polygonaceae) [root], Rubia cordifolia, R tinctomm, Galium spp., Asperula odorata, Morinda citrifolia [wood] (Rubiaceae)... 

The simple coumarin nucleus (Fig 7.3), which is derived by lactone formation of an ortho-hydroxy-czs cinnamic acid, is a common metabolite in higher plants and is often found in glycosidic form. Coumarins are common in Api-aceae, in certain genera of Fabaceae (e.g. Dipteryx odorata, Melilotus officinalis), Poaceae (e.g. Anthoxanthum odoratum) and Rubiaceae (e.g. Galium odoratum). However, proliferation of coumarins to the status of major chemical markers occurs in only a few cases, most notably, but not exclusively, in the Api-aceae (subfamily Apioideae) and in the Rutaceae (Gray and Waterman, 1978 Murray et al., 1982). In these cases, the coumarin nucleus has almost invariably been embellished by the addition of a prenyl unit leading to furocoumarin (Fig 7.3) and pyranocoumarin structures. 

Galium verum L. Rubiaceae W. Him, Ksh plant epilepsy c hysteria juice/decoction 50... 

Phylloquinone (37), plastoquinone, ct-tocopherol, and ubiquinone (13) (Fig. 6.2) are produced by a cell suspension culture from Morinda lucida (Rubiaceae). Changes in environmental, hormonal, and other cultural conditions result in accumulation of anthraquinones in cultures of Galium, Morinda, diXidRubia (all Rubiaceae). The addition of o-succi-nylbenzoic acid (38) causes an increase in the amount of anthraquinones produced. 2-Carboxy-4-oxotetralone (43) or l,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (40) appear to be intermediates in the synthesis of both anthraquinones and phylloqui-nones. 

Fig. 5. Biosynthesis of lucidin (XIII) and related naphthalene derivatives in Rubiaceae (Rubia, Morinda, Galium). The asterisk indicates labelled C-atoms.

Vasicinone II I -OH Adhotoda beddomein (Acanthaceae) [21], A. vasica [15], A. zeylanica [26], Anisotes trisulcus (Acanthaceae) [32], Galium aparine (Rubiaceae) [23], Nitraria schoberi (Zygophyllaceae) [35], N. sibirica [17], Peganum harmala [91], P. multisectum (Zygophyllaceae) [32], Sida acuta, S. humilis, S. rhombifolia, S. spinosa (Malvaceae) [17]... 

Gardenosidic acid (32) C16H22O, 390.12 COOH 66-68 (Me ester hexaacetate) -70.7 (MeOH) Galium mollugo (Rubiaceae) [62,63], Xeromphis nilotica (Rubiaceae) [64]... 

Galium spp. G. verum L. Rubiaceae Ladies bedstraw Psendopurpurin 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, alizarin-1-methyl ether, alizarin, xanthopurpurin, rubiadin, purpurin, lucidin 2-methoxyanthraquinone and others Schweppe Winter (1997) G. mollugo also contains apigenin and luteolin glucosides... 

Source Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. (syn. Asperula odorata L.) (Family Rubiaceae). 

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